Gbenga Emmanuel Onibi

Supplementary α-tocopherol acetate in full-fat rapeseed-based diets for pigs: effect on performance, plasma enzymes and meat drip loss

Twenty-four Large White × Landrace pigs were individually fed, from 50 to 90 kg live weight, either a control (CONT) diet containing palm oil or one of three diets based on full-fat rapeseed (250 g kg−1) (diets RD). The RD diets were supplemented with 0, 200 or 500 mg DL-α-tocopherol acetate (ATA) kg−1 diet (diets RD0, RD200 and RD500 respectively). Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Daily live weight gain was significantly increased (p < 0.01) in pigs fed diet RD500. Plasma AT concentration was significantly increased by dietary supplementation with 200 mg ATA kg−1 but showed no further significant increase by supplementation with 500 mg ATA kg−1. At slaughter, after 45 days, carcass weights were increased for the RD500 group but dressing percentage was unaffected. ATA supplementation significantly reduced drip loss on days 4 and 5–7 in fresh muscle and on days 1 and 4 in frozen muscle. The concentrations of calcium, sodium and potassium in drip loss fluid collected on days 1 and 4 from fresh muscle were not significantly affected by treatment or by time of collection and did not suggest any change in the relative contribution of intra- and extracellular fluid to total drip loss. Plasma enzyme activities related to tissue damage (creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase) were not influenced by dietary treatments. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry

Supplementary α-tocopherol acetate in full-fat rapeseed-based diets for pigs: influence on tissue α-tocopherol content, fatty acid profiles and lipid oxidation

Twenty-four Large White x Landrace pigs were individually fed, from 50 to 90 kg live weight, either a control (CONT) diet containing palm oil or one of three diets based on full-fat rapeseed (250g kg -1 ) (diets RD). The RD diets were supplemented with 0, 200 or 500mg α-tocopherol acetate (ATA) kg -1 diet (diets RD0, RD200 and RD500 respectively). Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Fatty acid profiles and α-tocopherol (AT) content of subcutaneous fat (SCF), M longissimus dorsi (L dorsi) and M semimembranosus (S memb) were measured. Lipid oxidation was measured in samples of L dorsi stored at 4°C for up to 8 days and following induction with ferrous sulphate in muscle homogenates. Tissue fatty acid profiles were influenced by dietary fatty acid composition. When samples from pigs fed RD diets were compared with CONT, they had significantly higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and higher ratios of PUFA/saturated fatty acids. RD diets reduced the melting point of lipid from SCF by about 4°C. Dietary ATA supplementation did not influence tissue fatty acid composition and the melting point of lipid in SCF. Tissue AT concentration increased with increasing dietary levels of ATA. Supplementation of the RD diets with ATA significantly improved the oxidative stability of lipids in L dorsi during refrigerated storage (4°C) and in iron-induced lipid peroxidation. There was no additional benefit of increasing ATA supplementation from 200 to 500mg kg -1 diet in terms of preventing lipid oxidation.

Oxidative stability and bacteriological assessment of meat from broiler chickens fed diets containing Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces

Thigh muscles were obtained from a batch of 120 broiler chickens fed diets containing 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0% dried Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces (diets A, B, C, D and E respectively). The thigh muscles were studied as uncooked and steam-cooked, and refrigerated for up to 9 days. Oxidative stability of muscle was measured using the thiobarbituric acid test and bacteria isolates were identified and quantified. Moisture and lipid contents of muscle were not affected (P>0.05) by dietary treatments. Oxidation of refrigerated meat decreased (P calyces. Uncooked meat contained more bacteria load than cooked meat (P types of bacteria (Staphylococus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium sp., Escherichia coli, Salomnella sp. and Lactobacillus salivarius) were isolated from the fresh-uncooked meat but only three (S. aureus, B. subtilis and Corynebacterium sp.) from the cooked meat. Bacteria type isolated decreased after 9 days of refrigeration. It was concluded that H. sabdariffa calyces contain potential antioxidant and antibacterial agents that need further investigation.

Supplementary α-tocopherol acetate in full-fat rapeseed-based diets for pigs: effects on the α-tocopherol content and fatty acid composition of pig muscle microsomal and mitochondrial membranes and membrane lipid peroxidation

Twenty-four Large White x Landrace pigs were individually fed, from 50 to 90kg live weight, either a control (CONT) diet containing palm oil or one of three diets based on full-fat rapeseed (FFR; 250g kg -1 ) (diets RD). The RD diets were supplemented with 0, 200 or 500mg DL-α-tocopherol acetate (ATA) kg -1 diet (diets RD0, RD200 and RD500 respectively). Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. M semimembranosus (S memb) muscle subcellular fractions (microsomes and mitochondria) were analysed for fatty acid composition, α-tocopherol (AT) content and oxidative stability. The fatty acid composition of the neutral lipids (NL) and phospholipids (PL) of the membrane fractions were only slightly influenced by dietary fatty acid composition. Greater influence of dietary fatty acids was observed on the NL than on the PL. The mitochondrial fraction contained a higher content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) than the microsomal fraction. The AT content of the subcellular fractions increased with increasing levels of dietary ATA. AT was between 1.7 and 2.5-fold higher in mitochondrial fractions than in microsomal fractions. As the ATA content of RD diets increased, the oxidation of membrane lipids decreased. More oxidation occurred in the microsomal fraction compared to the mitochondrial fraction, which can be attributed mainly to a lower ATIUFA ratio in the microsomal fraction.

Growth Performance , Haematology and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens Fed Rumen Liquor-Fermented Wheat Bran-Based Diets = دراسة لأداء النمو و قيم الدم و نوعية اللحوم في فراخ اللحم المغذي على عليقة تحتوي على نخالة القمح المعالجة بعصارة الكرش

The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of wheat bran fermented with rumen liquor and its effect on performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. Wheat Bran (WB) was fermented using rumen liquor as source of microbes for 3 days. The unfermented and fermented WB were used to formulate experimental diets at 0, 10, 20 and 30% to give 7 dietary treatments. Two hundred and ten 4-week old Hubbard chicks were allocated to the treatments in a completely randomized design. After the 3-day fermentation, crude protein content was 15.33 and 16.82% for unfermented and fermented WB, respectively. Final weight, total weight gain and feed conversion ratio were not (P > 0.05) influenced by dietary treatments. The diets promoted similar carcass, meat and haematological characteristics. In summary, fermented wheat bran can be included in broiler-chicken finisher diets without significant adverse effects on their performance, haematology and meat quality.