Geber Barbosa de Albuquerque Moura

Albedo à superfície a partir de imagens Landsat 5 em áreas de cana-de-açúcar e cerrado

This study aimed to estimate albedo data from the land surface sensor using the images of Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite LANDSAT 5 and to compare it with data from two agrometeorological stations located in the region of Cerrado, and another in sugar cane cultivation. The study area is located in the municipality of Santa Rita do Passa Quatro - SP, Brazil. To carry out the study six orbital images were obtained from the satellite Landsat 5 TM sensors in the orbit 220 and in the section 75, for the dates of 22/02, 11/04, 29/05, 01/08, 17/08 and 21/11 (all in the year of 2005) which correspond to the days 53, 101, 149, 213, 229 and 325, respectively. The geometric correction for images was performed and the letters of albedo were generated. The algorithm SEBAL estimated, satisfactorily, the values of albedo on the surface areas of Cerrado and sugar cane in the region of Santa Rita do Passa Quatro - SP, consistent with observations made of the surface albedo.

Relação entre a precipitação do leste do Nordeste do Brasil e a temperatura dos oceanos

The objective of this work was to correlate the Northeast of Brazil (NEB) rainfall grouped in one homogeneous cluster with the global sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. The data covered the period from 1945 to 1985 and the analyses shows that there are influences from the Atlantic and Pacific ocean over the eastern NEBs rainfall, with a higher correlation for the Atlantic, especially in the Dipole area (correlation values greater than 0.6, and p < 0.05). The 1995 Servain and Arnault meridional (Atlantic Dipole) and equatorial modes were detected during several lag analyses. In the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean in the region of El Nino-3 negative correlations were found, indicating the presence of the descendant branches of the Walker cell in the sector east of the NEB.

Potencial agroclimático para a Alpinia purpurata, no Estado de Pernambuco

Objetivou-se realizar o zoneamento agroclimatico do Estado de Pernambuco, visando dar subsidios a selecao de locais para a implantacao da flor tropical Alpinia purpurata. Dados climaticos de 123 localidades foram utilizados, dos quais 69 com uma serie acima de 30 anos de observacoes e 54 abaixo de 30 anos de observacoes obtendo-se assim, melhor representatividade de dados no Estado. Dos dados climaticos de temperaturas medias do ar e precipitacao pluviometrica, calcularam-se os balancos hidricos climatologicos. Escolheram-se os municipios de Igarassu, Primavera, Goiana e Sao Lourenco da Mata para serem representativos climatologicos, por serem produtores da especie em Pernambuco. De posse dos dados dos balancos hidricos e das temperaturas minima e maxima do ar, se estimaram os indices de limite termico e hidrico em relacao as exigencias da especie nos municipios representativos e so entao estes indices foram extrapolados para todo o Estado. De acordo com o estudo, Pernambuco apresentou 6 localidades com aptidao plena, 16 com aptidao regular e 101 com inaptidao a especie.

Compressibilidade de um Latossolo Amarelo distrocoeso não saturado sob diferentes sistemas de manejo da cana-de-açúcar

The application of sugarcane residues to the soil may induce changes in soil compressibility parameters. The objective of this study was to investigate the compressibility behavior of a dystrophic cohesive Yellow Latosol in the coastal tablelands of the state of Alagoas, in three different management systems with sugarcane, with different levels of organic residue application. The experiment was conducted in an area of sugarcane production (Usina Santa Clotilde), Alagoas. Three plots were chosen in sugarcane fields: sugarcane under irrigation (SMI), under fertigation with vinasse (SMV) and with application of vinasse + filter cake (SMVT). These management systems were compared to each other and to a control plot, represented by native forest (NF). The three sugar cane management systems had been established four years before soil sampling. Undisturbed soil were collected (layers 0-0.20 m and 0.20-0.40 m), using a metal sampler. The samples were first tested by uniaxial compression (gravimetric moisture levels of 0.10; 0.14; 0.18; and 0.22 kg kg-1). For the compression test, loads were applied with vertical tensions of 12.5; 25; 50; 100; 200; 400; 800 and 1600 kPa and readings taken every 30 sec. Thereafter, the samples were oven-dried for gravimetric moisture determination. The results were subjected to variance and multiple regression analysis of the pre-compaction tension, according to the following independent variables: bulk density (Ds), gravimetric moisture (Ug), mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregates (DMPu) and dissipated energy (Ed). The load carrying capacity of native forest soil was lower in both layers than in the three sugarcane managements; the management systems under sugar cane with organic residue application (SMV and SMVT) have lower tension levels; the limit curves (suction increase and loading collapse) can be used in the planning of mechanical operations and pre-compaction stress can be predicted from the physical properties.

Zoneamento agroclimático para a cultura do pinhão-manso no estado de Pernambuco

This study aimed to realize the agroclimatic zoning of Jathopra curcas L. crop in the State of Pernambuco. For this, climatic data of air temperature and mean rainfall of 146 meteorological stations and 73 series with historical data over 30 years and another 73 with less than 30 years but more than 20 years of observations were used. The choice of Jatropha has been motivated by the potential of this crop as a source of renewable energy to replace fossil fuels as well as for its rusticity and a new option for regions of semi-arid climate, as it occurs in the Northeast region. The selection of the study area is related to climate variability in the State and the potential that this crop has in regions where there is low precipitation. According to the study, the State of Pernambuco has 14.92% of areas suitable for production of Jatropha, 44.26% of the restricted areas by water deficit, and 40.82% of unsuitable areas.

Zoneamento bioclimático para a raça ovina Dorper no Estado de Pernambuco

The objective of this work was to perform the bioclimatic zoning for Dorper sheep, in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Average daily meteorological data from 246 meteorological stations in the state were used. The variables air temperature and air relative humidity were used to calculate the temperature and humidity index. With the values of these variables, isolines were traced using the Surfer software. The Agreste region of Pernambuco shows the best weather conditions for Dorper breed throughout the year than the region comprising the coast, “Zona da Mata”, and “Semiarido”. In the warmer months and in critical regions, as the “Sertao”, the implementation of management is required, to provide shade to mitigate heat stress and not compromise the productive performance of the breed .

Compactabilidade de um Latossolo Amarelo distrocoeso dos tabuleiros costeiros de Alagoas sob diferentes sistemas de manejo da cana-de-açúcar

A compactacao do solo agricola e um fenomeno de grande interesse para a Ciencia do Solo. O estudo investigativo de diferentes sistemas de manejo visando encontrar aquele que degrade menos o solo e o objetivo maior da pesquisa sobre o comportamento mecânico do solo. De maneira geral, para um mesmo nivel de energia de compactacao, quanto maior o teor de materia orgânica, menor a densidade maxima do solo e maior a umidade critica de compactacao; consequentemente, o risco de degradacao fisica do solo se reduz. O objetivo deste trabalho experimental foi estudar a compactabilidade de um Latossolo Amarelo distrocoeso dos Tabuleiros Costeiros de Alagoas. Foram selecionadas tres areas em talhoes sob cultivo da cana-de-acucar, representativos de tres sistemas de manejo adotados pela Usina Santa Clotilde. Os tres sistemas de manejo investigados foram: uma area cultivada sob sistema de manejo irrigado (SMI), uma area sob sistema de manejo de fertirrigacao com vinhaca (SMV) e uma area com aplicacao de vinhaca + torta de filtro (SMVT). Os tres sistemas de manejo foram implantados na safra 2003/2004, e a coleta de amostras do solo, realizada em fevereiro de 2007. Esses sistemas foram comparados entre si e em relacao a uma testemunha-padrao, representada por uma mata nativa (MN). A densidade maxima do solo e a umidade critica de compactacao foram avaliadas nas profundidades de 0-0,20, 0,20-0,40 e 0,40-0,60 m. Para avaliar a capacidade dos residuos da cana-de-acucar em dissipar parte da energia compactante, foram realizados ensaios de Proctor, utilizando quatro niveis de energia de compactacao. A avaliacao da energia dissipada pelos residuos foi feita em amostras deformadas apenas da profundidade de 0-0,20 m. O sistema de manejo irrigado (SMI), que nao recebeu adicao de residuo da cana-de-acucar, foi o que apresentou maior densidade maxima do solo e menor umidade critica de compactacao. Entre os diferentes sistemas de manejo cultivados com cana-de-acucar, o mais eficiente na dissipacao da energia compactante foi a area sob aplicacao de vinhaca + torta de filtro, seguida da area sob sistema de manejo de fertirrigacao com vinhaca, respectivamente com os valores de 54 e 41 % de dissipacao para o nivel mais alto de energia de compactacao. Verificou-se tambem que a dissipacao da energia de compactacao foi maior para os niveis de energia mais altos.

Influence of urbanization on land surface temperature in Recife city

Urbanization has caused significant environmental impacts, replacing natural surfaces by buildings, decreasing green vegetated areas, soil sealing and atmospheric pollution which contribute to increase the land surface temperature in such areas. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the influence of urbanization on land surface temperature (Ts) in Recife city - Pernambuco (PE), in Brazil, using the Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor images from Landsat 5 satellite. To perform the study, images of August 4, 1998 and September 6, 2010 were obtained and processed to generate Ts thematic maps of Recife-PE and of two districts of this city (Curado and Casa Amarela), in order to analyze the transformation dynamics that has occurred in the area. Through the profile produced for the study area, a spatial and temporal increase of the Ts surface was noticeable in the suburb-downtown direction: 6°C of difference between these areas. The Casa Amarela district, with high urban concentration, presented the highest Ts values observed (>27°C).

Relationship between the rainfall in eastern Northeast Brazil and the sea surface temperature in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans

The main purpose of this study was to relate the rainfall in eastern Northeast Brazil (NEB) with the sea surface temperature (SST) in the Atlantic (Dipole area) and Pacific oceans during the 1945-1985 period. This analysis shows how anomalous SST events influence precipitation in the eastern part of NEB, from the states of Rio Grande do Norte through to Bahia. The main significant results were: in years with a negative temperature gradient in the Atlantic, the rainfall was below the long term mean in Rio Grande do Norte (84%) and Paraiba (74%); in years with neutral gradient, the rainfall was normal or above normal in Paraiba (73%); in years with positive temperature gradient (south minus north), hereby called favorable gradient, the rainfall was above the long term mean, in Alagoas (73%), Sergipe (73%) and Bahia (73%).

Simulação do saldo de radiação na Serra da Mantiqueira

The influence of deforestation of the Atlantic Forest on the microclimate of the mountain Mantiqueira is not yet fully understood. To understand the consequences of deforestation on the highland climate research is needed about the surface radiation balance. The lack of data allows combining satellite images with meteorological data in a Geographic Information System in determining the radiation balance. The study aimed to evaluate the MTCLIM model in cloudless days or cloudy sky and simulate the radiation balance in the Mantiqueira mountain, between Sao Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Daily images, weekly and sixteen days MODIS available in 2003 were used in specific routines from MTCLIM. Specific targets were selected to evaluate the behavior of the radiation balance. It was observed that the radiation balance followed the local topography and is influenced by the type of land use. It follows that the surface temperature contributes to elevate the air temperature, resulting in lesser radiation balance on pasture. The MTCLIM model showed good correlation for air temperature (R2 = 0.82) and solar radiation (R2 = 0.71).