Geetanjali Mishra

A novel flavonoid, 6-C-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S)-(+)-3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavanone, isolated from Ulmus wallichiana Planchon mitigates ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the skeletal effect of 6-C-&bgr;-d-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S)-(+)-3&vprime;,4&vprime;,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (GTDF)/Ulmoside A, a new compound isolated from the extract of Ulmus wallichiana in a rat model of postmenopausal bone loss. Methods: GTDF (1.0 and 5.0 mg kg−1 d−1) was given orally to ovariectomized (OVx) rats (180-200 g) for 12 weeks. Sham operated + vehicle, ovariectomy + 17&bgr;-estradiol (2.5 &mgr;g kg−1 d−1), and ovariectomy + vehicle groups served as various controls. Bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular microarchitecture, bone biomechanical strength, levels of bone turnover/resorption markers, uterotropic effect, and plasma pharmacokinetics were studied. One-way analysis of variance was used to test significance of effects. Results: OVx rats treated with both doses of GTDF exhibited significantly higher BMD in the trabecular (distal femur, proximal tibia, and vertebrae) and cortical (femur shaft) regions compared with the ovariectomy + vehicle group. Micro-CT demonstrated that OVx rats treated with 5.0 mg kg−1 day−1 of GTDF had better bone microarchitectural parameters compared with the ovariectomy + vehicle group. Serum osteocalcin and urinary C-terminal teleopeptide of Type I collagen levels in OVx rats treated with GTDF (at both doses) were significantly lower than those in the ovariectomy + vehicle group. At neither of the two doses did GTDF exhibit uterine estrogenicity. A pharmacokinetic study revealed that GTDF achieved maximum plasma concentration (40.67 ng mL−1) at ∼1 hour, indicating its slow absorption. Its absolute bioavailability was found to be 1.04% with a plasma elimination half-life of ∼5 hours. Conclusions: GTDF, a novel compound isolated from U wallichiana extract, improves bone biomechanical quality through positive modifications of BMD and trabecular microarchitecture without a hyperplastic effect on the uterus.

Relationship between bone turnover biomarkers, mandibular bone mineral density, and systemic skeletal bone mineral density in premenopausal and postmenopausal Indian women.

ObjectivePostmenopausal osteoporosis is one of the most common metabolic bone disorders. Osteoporosis is reported to cause bone loss in the alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible, which provide bony framework for tooth anchorage. However, the association between systemic osteoporosis and oral health remains controversial. Available evidence suggests that Indian women have lower peak bone mass than their Western/other Asian counterparts. The present study evaluated the relationship between mandibular bone mineral density (mBMD), systemic skeletal BMD, and bone metabolism in premenopausal and postmenopausal Indian women. MethodsOne hundred twenty-four premenopausal and 247 postmenopausal healthy women were included in the study. The BMD of the body of mandible, radius ultradistal, total hip, femur neck, and lateral spine were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Serum and urine biomarkers were determined using commercial kits. ResultsUnivariate regression analysis followed by stepwise multivariate regression analysis to obtain the best fit model demonstrated the BMD of radius ultradistal, serum inorganic phosphorus, estradiol, and sex hormone–binding globulin as significant predictors of mBMD in premenopausal women. The BMD of femur neck, serum ionized calcium, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and urine total pyridinoline were significantly associated with mBMD in postmenopausal women. The significant association between mBMD and number of teeth present was observed in the whole group of premenopausal and postmenopausal women. ConclusionsVaried predictors of mBMD were observed in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. The results suggest that the screening for these biomarkers and serum ionized calcium should be useful (1) to assess the status of mBMD particularly in women requiring surgical dental intervention that include bone manipulation and (2) for early detection and management of women with the risk of developing osteoporosis.