Geoffrey T. Crisp

Integrative assessment: reframing assessment practice for current and future learning

The requirement to provide timely formative tasks that are designed to facilitate student learning and autonomy has provoked a wider examination of the role of assessment in higher education and encouraged further investigation of the alignment of learning, teaching and assessment in curriculum design frameworks. Many current authors have proposed that the primary purpose of assessment is to enhance current and future learning and that current practice tends to overemphasise the importance of assessment for progression and certification purposes. This paper proposes that a clearer distinction be made between assessment tasks designed to facilitate and test current learning through the use of formative and summative assessments, and those tasks primarily designed to enhance future learning, which could be better termed integrative assessments. This distinction would allow students and teachers to have greater clarity around the proposed outcomes and reward mechanisms associated with assessment tasks and feedback. This paper proposes that teachers should strive to incorporate four different types of assessment tasks throughout a programme of study, namely diagnostic, formative, integrative and summative tasks, and that the outcomes and reward mechanisms for different assessment types be explained more clearly to students.

PALLADIUM-CATALYSED COUPLING OF TERMINAL ALKYNES WITH ARYL HALIDES AIDED BY CATALYTIC ZINC

Abstract The palladium-catalysed coupling of aryl halides with terminal alkynes can be performed using base, zinc chloride and sodium iodide. This protocol represents a convenient method for the generation of nucleophilic acetylides in situ.

Elaboration of the side chain of α-amino acids by palladium-catalysed Stille couplings

Abstract The palladium-catalysed couplings of a γ-tri-n-butylstannylallylglycine derivative and an E-δ-tri-n-butylstannylallylglycine derivative with various organic electrophiles are described.

Palladium-catalyzed heck couplings of L-vinylglycine derivatives with vinyl and aryl halides and triflates

Abstract The coupling of aryl and vinyl halides and triflates with L-vinylglycine derivatives under the influence of a palladium catalyst is described. The coupling is regioselective and stereoselective with the absolute configuration of the α-amino acid centre being retained.

Advancing chemistry by enhancing learning in the laboratory (ACELL): A model for providing professional and personal development and facilitating improved student laboratory learning outcomes

The Advancing Chemistry by Enhancing Learning in the Laboratory (ACELL) project aims to improve the quality of learning in undergraduate laboratories through two interlocking mechanisms. The first is to build a database of experiments that are both chemically and educationally sound by testing them in a third-party laboratory, usually through an ACELL workshop involving both academic staff and students, to ensure that they work. The second mechanism provides personal and professional development for staff and students through a workshop process, and reinforced through on-going engagement with the ACELL community via the project website and experiment assessment and evaluation. The ACELL workshops include discussion of educational issues, both in abstract (through discussing laboratory learning in general) and concrete (through debriefing of each experiment tested) terms. This paper discusses the design of the ACELL project, and illustrates some of the successes of the staff and student personal and professional development aims. [Chem. Educ. Res. Pract., 2007, 8 (2), 232-254]

PREPARATION OF STERICALLY CONSTRAINED ARYLALKYNES

Abstract The preparation of a series of sterically constrained phenyleneethynylenes is described. Restricting the interannular rotation significantly narrows the lowest energy absorption and increases its extinction coefficient in the UV/VIS spectrum.

Palladium-catalyzed coupling of a propargylglycine derivative.

The coupling of aryl or vinyl halides and triflates with a propargylglycine derivative under the influence of a palladium catalyst has been described. The coupling is compatible with a variety of structural types and functional groups. The coupling was also carried out on an optically-active propargylglycine derivative and the products were optically active.

Synthesis of 5-Alkenyl-2′-Deoxyuridines Via Organostannanes

Abstract The palladium-catalysed coupling of 3,5 Di-O-p-toluoyl-5-iodo-2′ -deoxyuridine with functionalized and non-functionalized alkenylstannanes gave moderate to good yields of the corresponding 5-alkenyl-2 -deoxyuridines.

A Convenient Route to Condensed-Ring Aromatic Acetylenes

Abstract Palladium catalysed coupling of aryl halides with 3-methylbut-1-yn-3-ol and a subsequent base-induced retro-Favorsky reaction gave the corresponding ethynyl aromatics in good to excellent yields.

Heck couplings of non-activated alkenes

Abstract The Heck couplings of protected 2-aminobut-3-en-1-ols with cyclohexenyl triflate can be readily carried out using a “ligand-free” palladium catalyst, potassium carbonate and tetrabutylammonium triflate.