Georganne Syler

A Descriptive Study of Breastfeeding Practices and Policies in Missouri Hospitals

All Missouri hospitals that offer maternity services were assessed to measure their compliance with WHO/UNICEF Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI). Representatives from seventy six hospitals responded to a telephone survey relating to hospital breastfeeding practices and policies as defined by BFHIs Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. No hospital fully supported the Ten Steps. Compliance with the WHO/UNICEF criteria varied greatly. The least support was for Step 1, only 28% of hospitals had a written breastfeeding policy that was communicated to all staff. The greatest support was for Step 3, 93% of hospitals had staff who informed all pregnant women of breastfeeding benefits. In order to increase breastfeeding rates and duration, administrators of hospitals that offer maternity services must increase their efforts to consistently implement the Ten Steps, to become more baby friendly, and to more fully establish a breastfeeding culture within their institutions.

Short Report: Relationship between Quality Protein, Lean Mass and Bone Health

Background: Quality protein intake, and distribution of that protein, could play an important role with lean mass (LM), bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC). Research has demonstrated that muscle protein synthesis is maximally stimulated at approximately 10 g of essential amino acids (EAA)/meal. This study sought to determine the relationship between the amount of quality protein consumed and the amount of times the approximately 10 g EAA threshold was reached at a meal, with respect to LM, BMD and BMC. Methods: Twenty-seven subjects participated in this study. EAA intake was determined from a 3-day food record, and amino acid profiling was determined using a computer program (USDA Database, release 22). LM, BMD and BMC were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Quality protein was defined as the ratio of EAA to total dietary protein. Data were analyzed using Pearson partial coefficient correlations, controlling for body mass, with an α-level of 0.05. Results: Quality protein consumed in a 24-hour period and the amount of times reaching the EAA threshold per day was positively associated with LM, BMD and BMC, and had an inverse relationship with body fat percentage. Conclusion: Both quality protein intake and frequency are positively associated with favorable body composition and bone health.

Pilot assessment of nutrition practices in a university child care program

The impact of changing socioeconomic conditions in the United States, such as the increase in working mothers, has had a significant influence on the number of children requiring child care. It is estimated that approximately 23 million children need child care in the United States.1.2,3 Of these 23 million children, 9.1 million are enrolled in either child care centers or family day care homes.!,2 Dramatic shifts in child care arrangements impact the nutritional status of children. Preschoolers enrolled in child care programs are at nutritional risk, even when those programs are state licensed.4 State licensing requirements and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) outline the framework for most programs for developing menu offerings. However, a survey by DrakeS suggests that these may not be adequate. She states that the USDA guidelines do not emphasize the importance of offering a wide variety offoods or using foods with high nutrient density. They also lack consistency with US dietary guidelines. 6 Therefore, caregivers should take a close look at nutrition standards within their facilities. The National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) agrees that adequate nutrition is a primary goal of quality care, but it is not enough. 7 The nutrition responsibilities of child care programs should include more than appropriate menu offerings. Nutrition education is an essential part of the curriculum as well as the social environment. Providers of child care have the opportunity to make positive contributions to the overall nutritional well-being of the children in their care. From this point of view, it is important to consider not only what children eat but where and how they eat. The total eating environment, including caregiver response, is as important to healthy development as the menus that are planned.3,7-1O In their overview of child nutrition, Splett and Story!! state their concerns about the nutrition knowledge of care-

The relationship between quality protein, lean mass, and bone health

Background The amount of quality protein (Essential Amino Acids (EAA): Protein) intake, and distribution of that protein to a meal, could play an important role with regard to lean mass (LM), bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC). Research has demonstrated that muscle protein synthesis (MPS) is maximally stimulated at ~10g of EAA per meal (Cuthbertson, et al. 2005). A cross sectional study sought to determine the relationship between the amount of quality protein consumed in 24 hours and the amount of times the ~10g EAA threshold was reached at a meal, with respect to LM, BMD, and BMC.

Contents Vol. 57, 2010

F. Azizi, Tehran A. Berg, Freiburg F. Branca, Rome R. Brigelius-Flohé, Nuthetal P.C. Calder, Southampton N. Chang, Seoul T. Decsi, Pécs K. Eder, Halle/Saale A. El-Sohemy, Toronto, Ont. H. Goldenberg, Vienna R. Hakkak, Little Rock, Ark. H. Hauner, Munich S. Hercberg, Paris H. Heseker, Paderborn N. Houalla, Beirut A. Kafatos, Heraklion M.-H. Kang, Daejeon E.T. Kennedy, Boston, Mass. M. Krawinkel, Giessen G. Krejs, Graz A.V. Kurpad, Bangalore W. Langhans, Zurich M. Lawrence, Burwood, Vic. D. Li, Hangzhou X. Lin, Shanghai J. Linseisen, Heidelberg J.A. Martinez, Pamplona Y. Naito, Kyoto H.Y. Paik, Seoul M. Panagiotidis, Reno, Nev. J.M. Pettifor, Johannesburg L.A. Réthy, Budapest G. Rimbach, Kiel J. Sabaté, Loma Linda, Calif. W.H.M. Saris, Maastricht L. Serra-Majem, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria A.P. Simopoulos, Washington, D.C. P. Stehle, Bonn J.J. Strain, Coleraine I. Th orsdottir, Reykjavik K. Tontisirin, Nakhon Pathom R. Uauy, Santiago H. Vannucchi, Ribeirão Preto A. von Rücker, Bonn M. Wahlqvist, Clayton W. Waldhäusl, Vienna E. Wasantwisut, Salaya B. Watzl, Karlsruhe W.M. Windisch, Vienna T. Yoshikawa, Kyoto J. Zempleni, Lincoln, Nebr. A. Zittermann, Bad Oeynhausen Journal of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Dietetics

Acknowledgement to the 2010 Reviewers

Andrew Ford, Crawley, W.A., Australia Gustavo Frechtel, Buenos Aires, Argentina Jeanne Freeland-Graves, Austin, Tex., USA Selma Freire, Sao Paolo, Brazil Heinz Freisling, Lyon, France Claudio Galli, Milano, Italy Reinold Gans, Groningen, The Netherlands Dieter Genser, Wien, Austria Arnab Ghosh, Sriniketan, India Hans Goldenberg, Wien, Austria Carmen Gomez-Cabrera, Valencia, Spain Toby Graham, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA Georgia Guldan, Hongkong, SAR, China James Haddow, Providence, R.I., USA Reza Hakkak, Little Rock, Ariz., USA Rainer Hampel, Rostock, Germany William Harris, Sioux Falls, S.D., USA Alexander Haslberger, Wien, Austria Anders Helander, Stockholm, Sweden Helmut Heseker, Paderborn, Germany Joanna Hlebowicz, Malmö, Sweden Michael Holick, Boston, Mass., USA Paul Holvoet, Leuven, Belgium Gerard Hornstra, Maastricht, The Netherlands Jingyu Huang, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Yi-Chia Huang, Taichung, Taiwan Manfred Huettinger, Wien, Austria Elina Hypponen, London, UK Catherine Itsiopoulos, Canberra, A.C.T., Australia Emilio Jirillo, Bari, Italy Anthony Kafatos, Heraklion, Greece Elizabeth Kamau-Mbuthia, Njoro, Kenya Konstantinos Kantartzis, Tuebingen, Germany Christina-Maria Kastorini, Athens, Greece Aaron Kelly, Minneapolis, Minn., USA Ibrahim Khatib, Irbid, Jordan Young Cheul Kim, Amherst, Mass., USA Jörg Kotzka, Duesseldorf, Germany Michael Krawinkel, Gießen, Germany Susan Krebs-Smith, Bethesda, Md., USA Katrin Kromeyer-Hauschild, Jena, Germany Anura Kurpad, Bangalore, India William Lands, College Park, Md., USA Wolfgang Langhans, Zuerich, Switzerland Mark Lawrence, Melbourne, Vic., Australia Caroline LeBlanc, Moncton, N.B., Canada Nasser Al-Daghri, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Omar Ali, Milwaukee, Wisc., USA Richard Anderson, Beltsville, Md., USA Giovanni Annuzzi, Napoli, Italy Christopher Ardern, York, UK Antonio Arteaga, Santiago, Chile Stephen Atkin, Hull, UK Fereidoun Azizi, Tehran, Iran William Banz, Carbondale, Ill., USA Ronald Barr, Hamilton, Ont., Canada Aloys Berg, Freiburg, Germany Roger Bouillon, Leuven, Belgium Donald Bowden, Winston-Salem, N.C., USA Ivan Brenkel, Dunfermline, UK J. Thomas Brenna, Ithaca, N.Y., USA Reinhard Bretzel, Gießen, Germany Regina Brigelius-Flohe, Nuthetal, Germany David Burns, Burlington, Mass., USA Wilfried Bursch, Wien, Austria Philip Calder, Southampton, UK Namsoo Chang, Seoul, Korea Karen Charlton, Wollongong, N.S.W., Australia Don Chisholm, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia Lech Chrostek, Bialystok, Poland Omar Dary, Washington, D.C., USA Tamás Decsi, Pécs, Hungary Benedicte Deforche, Ghent, Belgium Jacques Delarue, Brest, France Giovanni De Pergola, Bari, Italy Jeanne de Vries, Wageningen, The Netherlands Philippe De Wals, Quebec, Que., Canada Abolghasem Djazayeri, Tehran, Iran Daniel Doerge, Jefferson, Ariz., USA Leonidas Duntas, Athens, Greece Genevieve Dunton, Los Angeles, Calif., USA Klaus Eder, Gießen, Germany Eva-Charlotte Ekstroem, Uppsala, Sweden Ahmed El-Sohemy, Toronto, Ont., Canada Juan Carlos Espin de Gea, Murcia, Spain Elisabeth Fabian, Wien, Austria Mathias Fasshauer, Leipzig, Germany François Feillet, Nancy, France Reinhold Feldmann, Münster, Germany Tanis Fenton, Calgary, Alta., Canada Leopold Fezeu, Bobigny, France Marilu Fiegenbaum, Porto Alegre, Brazil

College Students And The 1990 Nlea Food Labels: Room For Improvement

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To identify the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of college students related to the use of 1990 NLEA food labels. This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of college students in relation to the 1990 NLEA food label. The purpose of the study was to: 1) determine if college students possess the knowledge and skills needed to use the 1990 NLEA food labels; 2) determine the attitudes of college students toward food labels; and 3) determine if college students are using the 1990 NLEA food labels as a tool in planning a healthy diet. The study surveyed 214 college students at Southeast Missouri State University who were enrolled in general education classes. The overall Cronbach alpha for the survey was .80. The response rate was 99.5%. Conclusions reached from analysis of the survey data were: 1) college students can obtain basic facts from the label, but are less successful at performing more complex tasks; 2) consumer confidence is low regarding the truthfulness of nutrition claims; 3) college students lack a clear understanding of which nutrients on the label are most important to their health; 4) the nutrition facts label plays a minor role in planning the daily diet of college students, although 95% felt that the label was useful; and 5) label reading educational programs increase student knowledge level. Further education of college students is needed to improve usage, understanding, and confidence in the 1990 NLEA label.

Comparison Of Eating Disorder Inventory (edi2) Scores Of Male Bodybuilders To The Male College Student Subgroup.

Abstract Male bodybuilders report high-protein, low-fat hypocaloric diet patterns similar to those seen in college females with anorexia nervosa and bulimia. The intensity and effort that bodybuilders put into their training suggests obligatory-type behavior, not unlike compulsive eaters and/or compulsive alcohol drinkers, or those with eating disorders. This study surveyed volunteers who identified themselves as competitive or recreational bodybuilders regarding eating behaviors using the Eating Disorder Inventory 2 (EDI2), which has been assessed to be a reliable and valid instrument to screen for tendencies toward eating disorders. Male subjects (n=65) were recruited through announcements in two midwestern and one western university weight lifting clubs, announcements strategically placed on each campus, and phone and/or personal contact by the researchers. A control group (non-bodybuilders/non-weight lifters) (n=41) was recruited from students in non-athletic classes. Subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire composed of questions from the Eating Disorders Inventory 2 (EDI2) and an additional pool of questions. In addition to descriptive statistics, a t-test was used to examine relationships (p ≤ .05) between independent variables (control vs bodybuilder) and dependent variables (EDI2 scores), and between independent variables. EDI2 scores for bodybuilders were significantly different between the subjects and control groups on the Interpersonal Distrust scale. Since this comparison was based on average results for the groups, it does not rule out the possibility that some of the subjects exhibit characteristics typical of eating disorders. It is also possible that the EDI2 is not an appropriate scale to measure eating disorder tendencies in males, especially bodybuilders.