George Reid Andrews

Black Workers in the Export Years: Latin America, 1880–1930

Some fifteen years ago in these pages, Emilia Viotti da Costa noted a characteristic of Brazilian labor historiography that she could have applied to Latin America as a whole. “Historians rarely mention blacks or mulattoes…Clearly there is here a problem that deserves more attention. What role did blacks play in the working class? How did they relate to immigrants and vice-versa?… These are some questions waiting for answers.”

The social construction of democracy, 1870-1990

Acknowledgements - Notes on the Contributors - PART 1: INDUSTRIALIZATION, URBANIZATION, AND NATION-BUILDING FROM THE 1870s TO THE GREAT DEPRESSION - The Origins of the Third Republic in France, 1860-1885 P.Nord - Uncertain Legitimacy: The Social and Political Restraints Underlying the Emergence of Democracy in Argentina, 1890-1930 D.James - Japans First Experiment with Democracy, 1868-1940 R.J.Smethurst - The Social Construction of Democracy in Germany, 1871-1933 G.Eley - The Two Souls of American Democracy R.Oestreicher - PART 2: CREATING SINGLE-PARTY DOMINANCE, 1930-1960 - From Bureaucratic Imperium to Guardian Democracy: The Shifting Social Bases of Japanese Political Power, 1930-1960 G.D.Allinson - Uncommon Democracy in Mexico: Middle Classes and the Military in the Consolidation of One-Party Rule, 1936-1946 D.E.Davis - PART 3: DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENTS, 1945-1990 - Race, Equity and Democracy: African Americans and the Struggle for Civil Rights E.Lewis - Black Political Mobilization in Brazil, 1975-1990 G.R.Andrews - Modes of Opposition Leading to Revolution in Eastern Europe G.Stokes - PART 4: DEMOCRACY AND THE WELFARE STATE, 1930-1990 - The Welfare State and Democratic Practice in the United States since the Second World War S.P.Hays - French Democracy and the Welfare State H.Chapman - Industrialists, the State, and the Limits of Democratization in Brazil, 1930-1964 B.Weinstein - Constituting Political Bodies in the Adenauer Era R.G.Moeller - PART 5: COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES - Democracy is a Lake C.Tilly - Index

The Abolition of slavery and the aftermath of emancipation in Brazil

In May 1888 the Brazilian parliament passed, and Princess Isabel (acting for her father, Emperor Pedro II) signed, the lei aurea, or Golden Law, providing for the total abolition of slavery. Brazil thereby became the last civilized nation to part with slavery as a legal institution. The freeing of slaves in Brazil, as in other countries, may not have fulfilled all the hopes for improvement it engendered, but the final act of abolition is certainly one of the defining landmarks of Brazilian history.The articles presented here represent a broad scope of scholarly inquiry that covers developments across a wide canvas of Brazilian history and accentuates the importance of formal abolition as a watershed in that nations development.

Afro-Latin America: Five Questions

This article surveys recent historical and social scientific research on Afro-Latin America and poses five questions about that work. (1) What kinds of scholars study Afro-Latin America, and why do they do so? What seem to be their motives, intellectual or otherwise? (2) How can Afro-Latin American societies most effectively achieve racial equality? (3) Is Latin American racial democracy a myth, a reality, or both? (4) Are Latin American racial identities as fluid, contingent, and shifting as the scholarly literature has tended to suggest? Or might they perhaps be more fixed and stable than is traditionally thought? (5) What do we learn when we undertake comparative studies of Afro-Latin American societies? More specifically, what do we learn when we compare Afro-Latin American experiences in different parts of the region, and when we compare Afro-Latin American and indigenous experiences?

Afro-World: African-Diaspora Thought and Practice in Montevideo, Uruguay, 1830-2000

Were one to sit down to compile a list of the great cities of the African diaspora, Montevideo, Uruguay, would not be one of the first names to come to mind. Yet during the period of Spanish colonial rule, thousands of Africans arrived in the city, brought on slaving vessels from Africa and Brazil. By 1810, the population both of Montevideo (9,400) and the larger colony of the Banda Oriental (an estimated 30,000) was one-third black and mulatto. Two centuries later, as a result of large-scale European immigration during the 1800s and early 1900s that proportion had fallen to 6 percent, with Afro-Uruguayans numbering approximately 180,000 people in a national population of 3 million.

Black Political Mobilization in Brazil, 1975–1990

This chapter examines the Afro-Brazilian political movement which emerged during the abertura, the eleven-year (1974–1985) process by which Brazil made a gradual, phased transition from military dictatorship to civilian democracy. The major scholarly treatments of abertura pay considerable attention to the organized opposition movements which emerged during those years; none of them, however, make any mention at all of the black movement.1

The Social Construction of Democracy, 1870-1990: An Introduction

The decade of the 1980s was ushered in by two seemingly unrelated events in two small, relatively obscure countries. In August 1980, Polish workers, organized under the banner of the Solidarity movement, launched a general strike demanding the creation of trade unions independent of the Communist regime. Three months later, in Uruguay, voters overwhelmingly rejected a draft constitution which would have formalized the military regime in power in that country since 1973.

Identidades secretas: la negritud argentina (review)

This labor of love by the Guatemalan lawyer, amateur historian and genealogist, Juan Jose Falla, is an invaluable research tool for anybody working on early colonial Guatemala (up to ca. 1650). Due to the authors interests, including where prominent Spanish and Creole vecinos lived in the city of Santiago de Guatemala, the notarial record extracts concentrate on wills and testaments, mortgages, censos and purchases and sales of buildings. There is also a lesser emphasis on rural properties, sales of African slaves, and encomiendas. Other topics such as labor contracts, apprenticeships, guarantees, shipments of goods and legal powers are not included.