Georgia Tsolou

Quantifying chain reptation in entangled polymer melts: Topological and dynamical mapping of atomistic simulation results onto the tube model

The topological state of entangled polymers has been analyzed recently in terms of primitive paths which allowed obtaining reliable predictions of the static (statistical) properties of the underlying entanglement network for a number of polymer melts. Through a systematic methodology that first maps atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories onto time trajectories of primitive chains and then documents primitive chain motion in terms of a curvilinear diffusion in a tubelike region around the coarse-grained chain contour, we are extending these static approaches here even further by computing the most fundamental function of the reptation theory, namely, the probability psi(s,t) that a segment s of the primitive chain remains inside the initial tube after time t, accounting directly for contour length fluctuations and constraint release. The effective diameter of the tube is independently evaluated by observing tube constraints either on atomistic displacements or on the displacement of primitive chain segments orthogonal to the initial primitive path. Having computed the tube diameter, the tube itself around each primitive path is constructed by visiting each entanglement strand along the primitive path one after the other and approximating it by the space of a small cylinder having the same axis as the entanglement strand itself and a diameter equal to the estimated effective tube diameter. Reptation of the primitive chain longitudinally inside the effective constraining tube as well as local transverse fluctuations of the chain driven mainly from constraint release and regeneration mechanisms are evident in the simulation results; the latter causes parts of the chains to venture outside their average tube surface for certain periods of time. The computed psi(s,t) curves account directly for both of these phenomena, as well as for contour length fluctuations, since all of them are automatically captured in the atomistic simulations. Linear viscoelastic properties such as the zero shear rate viscosity and the spectra of storage and loss moduli obtained on the basis of the obtained psi(s,t) curves for three different polymer melts (polyethylene, cis-1,4-polybutadiene, and trans-1,4-polybutadiene) are consistent with experimental rheological data and in qualitative agreement with the double reptation and dual constraint models. The new methodology is general and can be routinely applied to analyze primitive path dynamics and chain reptation in atomistic trajectories (accumulated through long MD simulations) of other model polymers or polymeric systems (e.g., bidisperse, branched, grafted, etc.); it is thus believed to be particularly useful in the future in evaluating proposed tube models and developing more accurate theories for entangled systems.

Structure and dynamics of polymer rings by neutron scattering: breakdown of the Rouse model

We present a static and quasi-elastic neutron scattering study on both the structure and dynamics of a ring polymer in a ring and linear polymer melt, respectively. In the first case, the ring structure proved to be significantly more compact compared to the linear chain with the same molecular weight. In the mixture, the ring molecules swell as was confirmed by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) in accordance with both theory and simulation work. The dynamical behavior of both systems, which for the first time has been explored by neutron spin echo spectroscopy (NSE), shows a surprisingly fast center of mass diffusion as compared to the linear polymer. These results agree qualitatively with the presented atomistic MD simulations. The fast diffusion turned out to be an explicit violation of the Rouse model.

Computer aided polymer design using multi-scale modelling

The ability to predict the key physical and chemical properties of polymeric materials from their repeat-unit structure and chain-length architecture prior to synthesis is of great value for the design of polymer-based chemical products, with new functionalities and improved performance. Computer aided molecular design (CAMD) methods can expedite the design process by establishing input-output relations between the type and number of functional groups in a polymer repeat unit and the desired macroscopic properties. A multi-scale model-based approach that combines a CAMD technique based on group contributionplus models for predicting polymer repeat unit properties with atomistic simulations for providing first-principles arrangements of the repeat units and for predictions of physical properties of the chosen candidate polymer structures, has been developed and tested for design of polymers with desired properties. A case study is used to highlight the main features of this multi-scale model-based approach for the design of a polymer-based product.

Multiscale Modelling for Computer Aided Polymer Design

Abstract A multiscale modelling approach for designing polymers is presented in this work. Here, the desired properties of a polymer is given as input in the polymer design problem, computer aided molecular design (CAMD) algorithm using group contribution plus models (macro-meso scale) gives out the polymer repeat unit structures satisfying the desired properties as output. The arrangement of polymer repeat unit structures to form a polymer chain and the properties corresponding to the generated polymer are studied in micro-scale approach. A case study using this multiscale approach is presented in this paper.