Georgina S. Hammock

Love Attitudes and Relationship Experience

ABSTRACT The present study examined the association of love attitudes with the initiation, maintenance, and dissolution of relationships. Respondents completed the Love Attitudes Scale and a questionnaire designed to measure experiences at each stage of relationship development. Ludus was relevant to all stages of relationship development; ludic attitudes were associated with absence of concern for partner loyalty, short and uncommitted relationships, and positive feelings about relationship dissolution. Pragma was associated primarily with relationship initiation (i.e., selection of an appropriate partner). Agape and Mania were most apparent during maintenance, as evidenced by relationships with indicators of involvement and loyalty. Agape, Mania, and Eros related to negative emotions at the point of relationship dissolution.

Perceptions of Psychological and Physical Aggression Between Heterosexual Partners

The present research examines the impact of type of aggression (physical/ psychological) and type of dyad (male aggressor/ female victim and female aggressor/ male victim) on perceptions of a conflict scenario and its combatants. Participants read scenarios depicting a conflict between a married heterosexual couple and reported their impressions of the aggressiveness of the encounter and of the aggressor and victim. Physical aggression was evaluated more negatively (both in terms of the encounter and its combatants) than psychological aggression. Male to female violence was judged more harshly (both in terms of the aggressiveness of the encounter and impressions of the combatants) than female to male violence. Study 2 extended Study 1, assessing the relationship of experience with physical and psychological aggression on perceptions. The results from Study 1 were replicated. Contrary to predictions, experience with physical and psychological aggression did not consistently relate to perceptions of these types of aggression.

The Effect of Gender of Perpetrator and Victim on Perceptions of Psychological and Physical Intimate Partner Aggression

Most studies of third-party perceptions of intimate partner violence focus on heterosexual relationships and report that male-to-female aggression is perceived more negatively than female-to-male. Since gender of aggressor and gender of victim are consistently confounded in these portrayals, it is not clear whether the gender of the aggressor or the gender of the victim accounts for the effect. The present research manipulated gender of perpetrator and victim to unravel this confound. Two hundred and fifty one participants (166 females) read scenarios involving psychological or physical aggression between two males, two females, or a male and a female. Participants reported their perceptions of the encounter and the character and emotional reactions of the individual couple members. Physical aggression was evaluated more negatively than psychological aggression. Participants evaluated the encounter and the perpetrator and victim in a manner consistent with stereotypical gender roles, revealing more concern for female than male victims and greater denigration of male than female perpetrators. These results have implications for programs aimed at the reduction of intimate partner violence and the services and programs developed for perpetrators and victims.

Is it aggression?: perceptions of and motivations for passive and psychological aggression

Part 1. Introduction and Basic Issues. J.P. Forgas, A. Kruglanski, K.D. Williams, The Psychology of Social Conflict and Aggression: Homo Aggressivus Revisited. M. Mikulincer, P. Shaver, An Attachment Perspective on Interpersonal and Intergroup Conflict. K. Williams, E.D. Wesselman, The Link Between Ostracism and Aggression. D.S. Richardson, G.S. Hammock, Is It Aggression? Perceptions of and Motivations for Passive and Psychological Aggression. D. Ames, Pushing Up to a Point: The Psychology of Interpersonal Assertiveness. Part 2. Cognitive and Affective Influences on Conflict and Aggression. L.N. Pontus, T.L. Chartrand, Nonconscious Battles of Will: Implicit Reactions Against the Goals and Motives of Others. A.D. Galinsky, D. Gilin, W.W. Maddux, Using Both Your Head and Your Heart: The Role of Perspective-Taking and Empathy in Resolving Social Conflict. J.P. Forgas, H.B. Tan, Affective Influences on the Perception, Management and Resolution of Social Conflicts. T.F. Denson, E.C. Fabiansson, The Effects of Anger and Anger Regulation on Negotiation. A. Kruglanski, E. Orehek, The Role of the Quest for Personal Significance in Motivating Terrorism. Part 3. Conflict and Aggression in Relationships. C. Eckhardt, Intimate Partner Violence: Cognitive, Affective and Relational Factors. G. Fitzsimmons, J.E. Anderson, Interdependent Goals and Relationship Conflict. L. Zadro, Silent Rage: When Being Ostracized Leads to Aggression. L.B. Luchies, E. Finkel, The Doormat Effect: On the Dangers of Resolving Conflict via Unilateral Forgiveness. Part 4. Social, Cultural, and Evolutionary Factors in Social Conflict and Aggression. M. Van Vugt, The Male Warrior Hypothesis. C.A. Anderson, M. De Lisi, Implications of Global Climate Change for Violence in Developed and Developing Countries. E. Donnerstein, The Media and Aggression: From TV to the Internet. R. Kurzban, J. Christner, Are Supernatural Beliefs Commitment Devices for Intergroup Conflict? R. Huesmann, E. Dubow, P. Boxer, The Effect of Religious Participation on Aggression Over Ones Lifetime and Across Generations.D uring the past decade, there has been a burgeoning interest in the role of religiosity in family functioning and child and adolescent adjustment (e.g., bridges & moore, 2002; mahoney, Pargament, swank, & Tarakeshwar, 2001) and as a resource for adults coping with stress (Pargament, 1997, 2007). The focus of this chapter is on the role of religiosity across the life span in predicting adulthood aggressiveness. we use data from a 40-year prospective longitudinal study to examine (1) the extent to which parental religiosity when a child is 8 years old is related to the child’s religiosity at ages 19, 30, and 48, and the grandchild’s religiosity; and (2) the extent to which grandparental, parental, and child religiosity act as long-term protective factors against aggressive behavior in childhood, youth, and adulthood.Exposure to violence in media, including television, movies, music, and video games, represents a significant risk to the health of children and adolescents. Extensive research evidence indicates that media violence can contribute to aggressive behavior, desensitization to violence, nightmares, and fear of being harmed. Pediatricians should assess their patients’ level of media exposure and intervene on media related health risks (p.1495).

Introductory Psychology: How Student Experiences Relate to Their Understanding of Psychological Science

Many students who declare a psychology major are unaware that they are studying a scientific discipline, precipitating a need for exercises and experiences that help students understand the scientific nature of the discipline. The present study explores aspects of an introductory psychology class that may contribute to students’ understanding of psychological science. Surveys were distributed to 168 students, asking how each of several in-class (e.g., attending lecture) and out-of-class (e.g., participating in research studies) research experiences contributed to their knowledge of psychology as a science and understanding of psychological research. Students reported that in-class experiences contributed more to their understanding of psychological research than out-of-class experiences.