Gerald Handel

The child and society : the process of socialization

1. Socialization Defined. 2. Preconditions for Socialization. Biological Inheritance: An Ongoing Society. 3. The Processes and Outcomes of Socialization. Society and Socialization: Emotionally Significant Relationships Communication The Significance of Significant Others Socialization and Time Outcomes of Socialization. 4. Socialization and Subcultural Patterns. Social Class Community of Residence Ethnic Groups. 5. Agencies of Socialization. The Family The School The Peer Group The Media of Mass Communication. 6. Sex, Socialization, and Gender. Sex and Biology Sex and Social Organization Socialization Agents and Processes Gender Roles and Identities Egalitarian Ideologies and the Future. 7. Socialization in Later Life. Socialization in Adolescence Socialization in Adulthood. Notes and References. Selected Readings. Index

Book Review: The Right to be Different. Deviance and Enforced TherapyThe Right to Be Different. Deviance and Enforced Therapy. By KittrieNicholas N.Baltimore and London:The Johns Hopkins Press, 1972.443 pp. Cloth

treatment has reached in a case. The range of modalities covers most of the possibilities: individual, collaborative, or concurrent individual; conjoint marital, family, or marital group. The range of treatment processes covers supportive, crisis-interventive, interactive, psychotherapeutic, and psychoanalytic methods and intensities as well as time-limited short-term to long-term processes. All these approaches are not academically reported but are part of the authors own armamentarium. The term catholic really applies to Dr. Greenes practice. He is, moreover, a very sound clinician, and this expertise is evident in the vast amount of clinical case material in the book. Reading these cases and the authors interpolative commentary on them is worth the time spent on the whole book. In fact, to this reviewer and to most readers, much of the conceptual material does not come across with any freshness or increment to what is already in much of the literature on family and marriage therapies. The concept of the treatment of the relationship as of each individual partner-that is, the interdigitation of the psychological with the interpersonal and the sociocultural systems in the diagnosis and therapy of marriages and families-is not novel. What is novel in this book is the systematic presentation of approaches plus indications and contraindications for each of them. These are of critical interest to a reader, but by no means a how-to-do-it kit. Actually, this reviewer concluded that in most of the cases the authors choice of modality and approach depended on his intuition and his art, rather than on application of his systematic ordering of variables. For so fine a clinician as Dr. Greene to present applicants with an exhaustive questionnaire requiring much thought and reinforcement of defensive ideation is quite puzzling to this reviewer. Such an instrument tends to drive the applicant toward cognitive exercise, abstraction, and generalization, rather than toward free expressiveness of real feelings, specification, and partialization. In a beginning process of applicant and therapist feeling each other out as persons, the interpolation of pen and paper tasks of this magnitude can be a diversion. It is not at all clear from the text or the case material that the questionnaire added substantially to the therapy, although for research and study purposes, the orderly gathering of material by means of a written questionnaire of this kind is clearly valuable. Dr. Greene states he has added the von Bertalanffy theory of systems to dynamic psychiatry in his conceptual framework. His di-