Geraldo Aparecido de Aquino Guedes

Urease activity and its relation to soil organic matter, microbial biomass nitrogen and urea-nitrogen assimilation by maize in a Brazilian Oxisol under no-tillage and tillage systems.

Abstract We studied the relationship between urease activity (UA) and soil organic matter (SOM), microbial biomass N (Nbiom) content, and urea-N fertilizer assimilation by maize in a Dark Red Latosol (Typic Haplustox) cultivated for 9 years under no-tillage (NT), tillage with a disc plough (DP), and tillage with a moldboard plough (MP). Two soil depths were sampled (0–7.5 cm and 7.5–15 cm) at 4 different times during the crop cycle. Urea was applied at four different rates, ranging from 0 to 240 kg N ha–1. The levels of fertilizer N did not affect the UA, SOM content, and Nbiom content. No significant difference between the treatments (NT, DP, and MP) was observed for SOM during the experiment, probably because the major part of the SOM was in recalcitrant pools, since the area was previously cultivated (conventional tillage) for 20 years. The Nbiom content explained 97% and 69% of the variation in UA in the upper and deeper soil layer, respectively. UA and biomass N were significantly higher in the NT system compared to the DP and MP systems. The highest maize productivity and urea-N recovery was also observed for the NT system. We observed that the increase in urea-N losses under NT, possibly as a consequence of a higher UA, was compensated for by the increase in N immobilized in the biomass.

Preparo do solo e adubação nitrogenada na produtividade do milho em latossolo sob vegetação de cerrado

The effects of soil preparation systems and doses of nitrogen on total dry matter, straw and grain production and on nitrogen accumulation by corn plants (Zea mays L.) cultivated under irrigation were evaluated in a field experiment in a Dark-Red Latosol (Oxisol), originally under cerrado vegetation, at EMBRAPA/CNPMS experimental station, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, from November, 1995 to June, 1996. The soil preparation systems studied were: no till, conventional till with disk plow and conventional till with moldboard plow. The nitrogen doses were: 0, 60, 120 and 240 kg ha-1 N, applied in cover. The highest productions of dry matter yield and grains and accumulated nitrogen were obtained in the no till system. The plants did not linearly respond to N application, considering the straw and grain production. The greatest efficiency of N utilization by the crop occurred in the no till system, in the 60 kg ha-1 N, as evidenced by the highest recover of applied N.

Preparo do solo e adubação nitrogenada na produção de grãos e matéria seca e acúmulo de nutrientes pelo milho

The effects of soil preparation and doses of nitrogen on grain and straw dry matter production and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and Zn accumulation by corn plants (Zea mays L.) cultivated under irrigation were evaluated in a field experiment in a Dark Red Latosol (Oxisol), originally under cerrado vegetation, at Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Milho e Sorgo experimental station, in Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil, from November, 1995 to June, 1996. The soil preparation systems studied were: no till, conventional till with disk plow and conventional till with moldboard plow. The nitrogen doses were: 0, 60, 120 and 240 kg ha-1 N, applied in cover. The highest productions of grains and straw dry matter and nutrients accumulation were obtained in the no till system. In the doses of 60 kg ha-1 N, the greatest efficiency and the highest recover of applied N by the crop occurred.