Géraud Galvaing

Lung cancer: What are the links with oxidative stress, physical activity and nutrition

Oxidative stress appears to play an essential role as a secondary messenger in the normal regulation of a variety of physiological processes, such as apoptosis, survival, and proliferative signaling pathways. Oxidative stress also plays important roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including aging, degenerative disease, and cancer. Among cancers, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer in the Western world. Lung cancer is the commonest fatal cancer whose risk is dependent on the number of cigarettes smoked per day as well as the number of years smoking, some components of cigarette smoke inducing oxidative stress by transmitting or generating oxidative stress. It can be subdivided into two broad categories, small cell lung cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, the latter is the most common type. Distinct measures of primary and secondary prevention have been investigated to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality caused by lung cancer. Among them, it seems that physical activity and nutrition have some beneficial effects. However, physical activity can have different influences on carcinogenesis, depending on energy supply, strength and frequency of exercise loads as well as the degree of exercise-mediated oxidative stress. Micronutrient supplementation seems to have a positive impact in lung surgery, particularly as an antioxidant, even if the role of micronutrients in lung cancer remains controversial. The purpose of this review is to examine lung cancer in relation to oxidative stress, physical activity, and nutrition.

Exercise Cardiac Output Limitation in Pectus Excavatum.

Indication of pectus excavatum (PE) surgical treatment is a much-debated subject, especially regarding functional impact of the deformation. The pulmonary consequences of PE have been found not to be the limiting factor in exercise for these patients. On the other hand, the hemodynamic consequences

Lymphovenous anastomosis for recurrent swelling syndrome and chylous effusion due to cervical thoracic duct cyst

Thoracic duct (TD) cyst is an uncommon abnormality that can be manifested as a cervical swelling. Pathogenesis includes congenital or degenerative weakness of the wall of the TD and obstruction of the lymphoid flow. Diagnosis is crucial to eliminate malignant disease or vein thrombosis and can be established by imaging and needle aspiration. We report a case of recurrent cervical swelling with spontaneous chylothorax and chyloperitoneum. A TD cyst with a terminal obstruction of the TD was diagnosed on lymphangiography. Treatment by microsurgical lymphovenous anastomosis was successful, and the patient was free of symptom 3 years later.

Left Brachiocephalic Venous Aneurysm: A Rare Clinical Finding

Brachiocephalic venous aneurysm is an extremely rare condition, with <20 cases reported in the literature. We present a case of a 72-year-old man who was referred to our department owing to a large aneurysm of the left brachiocephalic vein that was incidentally discovered on computed tomography. Further workup confirmed an isolated saccular aneurysm of the left brachiocephalic vein. The patient underwent aneurysmectomy via sternotomy with no requirement for a vascular graft or cardiopulmonary bypass. The postoperative course and follow-up were uneventful.

Effect of an intensive 3-week preoperative home rehabilitation programme in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease eligible for lung cancer surgery: a multicentre randomised controlled trial

Introduction Surgery is the standard curative treatment for lung cancer but is only possible in patients with local tumour and preserved exercise capacity. Improving fitness before surgery can reduce postoperative complications and mortality. However, preoperative rehabilitation remains difficult to implement for several reasons. We aim to investigate the effectiveness of an intensive 3-week home-based preoperative exercise training programme on hospital discharge ability, postoperative complications and physical performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who are eligible for lung cancer surgery. Methods and analysis We designed a multicentre randomised controlled trial. The randomisation sequence will be generated and managed electronically by a research manager independent of assessments or interventions. We will recruit 90 patients with COPD and a diagnosis of lung cancer from four university hospitals. The rehabilitation group (R group) will receive a standardised preoperative home exercise programme for 3 weeks, combining both high-intensity training and usual physical therapy. The R group will perform 15 training sessions over 3 weeks on a cycloergometer. A physical therapist experienced in pulmonary rehabilitation will visit the patient at home and supervise one session a week. The R group will be compared with a control group receiving preoperative usual physical therapy only. The primary outcome will be hospital discharge ability assessed with a 10-item list. Secondary outcomes will be postoperative course (complication rate and mortality) as well as pulmonary function, exercise capacity and quality of life assessed 1 month before and the day before surgery. Ethics and dissemination This protocol has been approved by the French health authority for research (2016-A00622-49) and the research ethics committee/institutional review board (AU1267). Adverse events that occur during the protocol will be reported to the principal investigator. The results will be published in an international peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration number NCT03020251.

Tracheoplasty With Use of an Intercostal Muscle Flap for Caustic Necrosis

We report a case of intercostal muscle flap used in tracheobronchial reconstruction for extensive necrosis after burn lesions of the posterior wall. A 32-year-old man attempted suicide by ingestion of caustic material. He underwent emergency total esogastrectomy, tracheostomy, and feeding jejunostomy. Ten days later, endoscopy showed complete destruction of the membranous trachea, extending from the tracheostomy to the carina. Reconstruction was conducted with the patient under venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation by use of a pedicled intercostal muscle flap. The patient was weaned from respiratory support on the 14th postoperative day. Examination of a biopsy specimen from the flap 7 months after tracheoplasty showed ciliated neoepithelium.