Gerhard Dr. Pfaff

Special Effect Pigments

2 Optical principles, manufacture, properties and types of special effect pigments 2.1 Optical principles 2.1.1 Reflection and refraction at one and at several interfaces 2.1.2 Pearl luster and interference effects 2.2 Natural pearl luster pigments 2.3 Basic lead carbonate 2.4 Bismuth oxychloride 2.5 Micaceous iron oxide 2.6 Titanium dioxide flakes 2.7 Flaked organic effect pigments 2.8 Metal oxide mica pigments 2.8.1 Titanium dioxide mica pigments 2.8.2 Iron(III) oxide mica pigments 2.8.3 Combination pigments 2.8.4 Mica pigments with multilayers 2.8.5 Pigments for outdoor applications 2.8.6 Mica pigments for new optical effects 2.8.6.1 Silver-gray and black pigments 2.8.6.2 Mica pigments without pearl luster: “Transparent Colors” 2.8.6.3 Mica pigments with low pearl luster: “Low Luster Pigments” 2.8.7 Functional metal oxide mica pigments 2.8.7.1 Light colored, electrically conductive pigments 2.8.7.2 Magnetic pigments 2.8.7.3 Pigments for the laser marking of plastics 2.8.7.4 Solar heat-reflecting pigments 2.9 Effect pigments based on alumina flakes 2.10 Effect pigments based on borosilicate flakes 2.11 Effect pigments based on silicon dioxide flakes 2.12 Effect pigments based on iron oxide flakes 2.13 Effect pigments consisting of metal oxide-coated metal platelets 2.14 Multilayer pigments with a Fabry-Perot structure manufactured using the PVD-method 2.15 Effect pigments based on liquid-crystal polymers (cholesteric effect pigments) 2.16 Structured effect pigments 2.16.1 Holographic pigments 2.16.2 Diffractive pigments

Influence of SnO on the sintering behaviour of tin dioxide

Abstract Fine tin dioxide powders were prepared by a precipitation procedure from sulphuric acid solution. The influence of calcination temperature, aging and tin monoxide addition on the compaction behaviour and the sinterability of these SnO 2 powders were studied. The presence of SnO leads to an increase of green ceramic densities and favours densification during sintering. So pure SnO 2 ceramics with relative densities between 0.40 and 0.64 can be obtained by use of SnO 2 SnO mixtures as starting materials and of special temperature and atmosphere programs for the sintering process.