Germán Eduardo Mendoza-Barrera

Histological Analysis of Intra-Abdominal Adhesions Treated with Sodium Hyaluronate and Carboxymethylcellulose Gel

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate macro and microscopically the adhesions developed after using the anti-adherence compound sodium hyaluronate and carboxymethylcellulose (SH-CBMC) gel and to determine the volume of the adhesions using a stereological estimation. Methods: The study was experimental, random, comparative, and prospective. The subjects of the study were male Wistar rats divided in three groups (n = 10). Group I (control) included rats with no peritoneal injury. Group II rats had a 2 cm diameter injury created bilaterally in the parietal peritoneum at 3 cm from the abdominal midline with electrocautery coated with physiological solution. Group III rats were given the same injuries and coated with SH-CBMC gel. All groups were followed up postoperatively for 30 days, after which a laparotomy was performed to macroscopically determine the presence and type of adhesions. Experimental models were euthanized with anesthetic overdose and biopsies were taken for histopathological examination and stereological estimate of the volume of adhesions. Results: Macroscopic adhesions were 20% less prevalent in Group III compared to Group II, which presented 40% more multiple and firm adhesions, unlike in Group III, in which they were unique and lax. There was a statistically significant decrease in the presence and number of adhesions in rats treated with SH-CBMC gel. Inflammatory infiltrate was significantly lower in rats treated with SH-CBMC gel, but there were no differences in connective tissue, fibrosis, and angiogenesis among groups. There was no statistical difference in the overall volume of adhesions among the treatment groups. Conclusions: SH-CBMC gel reduces macroscopic presence and number of adhesions and the severity of the inflammatory infiltrate.

Affordable laparoscopic simulator to acquire basic skills in undergraduate surgery students

The laparoscopic surgery has proved to be the main approach for a number of pathologies that require surgical intervention. This due to its lower incidence of complications, to a faster recovery time compared to traditional open surgery and reduction of surgery time1. This has led to the need in training and acquisition of skills in minimally invasive surgery in early stages of the medical career of students inclined toward a surgical specialty. The complications during this learning process have resulted in ethical considerations, imposed by the medical profession, specifically in the use of humans and animals in the surgical training.2 This has led to the development of simulator devices to develop skills and training of surgeons. These aspects are not confined to the postgraduate students, study plans at the undergraduate level generate an imminent need to ABSTRACT