Germano Guarim Neto

Recursos medicinais de espécies do Cerrado de Mato Grosso: um estudo bibliográfico

A flora do Cerrado e de enorme riqueza, mas somente 1,5% de sua extensao e protegida por lei. Em vista disto, e preciso valorizar os recursos que ela oferece e que estao sob forte pressao de extincao, como as especies medicinais. Assim, o presente estudo faz uma revisao bibliografica aprofundada de trabalhos que indiquem as informacoes das especies medicinais do cerrado mato-grossense, com intuito de se estabelecer uma base de dados regionais e, consequentemente, iniciar uma discussao em nivel nacional. A revisao da flora medicinal constatou o total de 509 especies, distribuidas em 297 generos e 96 familias. As familias com maior numero de especies foram Asteraceae e Fabaceae (7% das especies) e os generos foram Hyptis e Tabebuia (oito especies). As especies com maior numero de citacoes bibliograficas foram Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville e Anemopaegma arvense (Vell.) Stelf. O predominio foi de especies arboreas (31%). Os valores relatados superaram, em muito, estimativas anteriores e, em vista das areas que ainda nao foram cobertas por pesquisas mato-grossenses, acredita-se que o presente resultado podera ser significativamente ampliado no futuro.

Ethnobotanical notes of species of the Sapindaceae Jussieu family

Os autores apresentam o repertorio etnobotânico referente a 52 especies da familia Sapindaceae Jussieu, compilando dados da sua utilizacao, procurando evidenciar a importância economica para as populacoes humanas e os usos que fazem das diferentes especies.

Estudo etnobotânico na comunidade de Conceição-Açu (alto da bacia do rio Aricá Açu, MT, Brasil)

This paper aims at doing the ethnobotany survey of plants classified in different categories of use in the community of Conceicao-Acu, in the city of Cuiaba, MT, Brazil and estimate the value of use of the species botanic in the gallery forest. Structured and non-structured interviews and the questionnaire were used in 59 adult dwellers of both sexes. Were identified the landscape units: backyards, husbandry and gallery forest and the total number of used species is the 180. The majority of the plants was collected during the interview and is kept in the Herbary of the Federal University of Mato Grosso. In the backyards of the house, 86 species, belong 43 families were identified, the majority of which planted and utilized as food (48.1%) an used as medicinal (44.5%). In the husbandry the cultivation principal are: Manihot esculenta L. (100%), Carica papaya L. (76.2%), Musa paradisiaca L. (71.4%), Saccharum officinarum L. (57.1%). In the gallery forest the use value showed the medicinal categoty (65%) species: Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (2.5), Aspidosperma polyneuron Muell. Arg. (2.5), Hymenaea stignocarpa Mart. (2.33), Diptychandra aurantiaca Tul. (2.0), Cariniana rubra Gardner ex. Miers (2.0) and the Mimosaceae, Bignoniaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Fabaceae and Sapindaceae families were the most used. The results show that the populacion has a wide knowledge of the plants and of the his power of healing.

Plant functional types and traits as biodiversity indicators for tropical forests: two biogeographically separated case studies including birds, mammals and termites

Multi-taxon surveys were conducted in species-rich, lowland palaeotropical and neotropical forested landscapes in Sumatra, Indonesia and Mato Grosso, Brazil. Gradient-directed transects (gradsects) were sampled across a range of forested land use mosaics, using a uniform protocol to simultaneously record vegetation (vascular plant species, plant functional types (PFTs) and vegetation structure), vertebrates (birds, mammals) and invertebrates (termites), in addition to measuring site and soil properties, including carbon stocks. At both sites similar correlations were detected between major components of structure (mean canopy height, woody basal area and litter depth) and the diversities of plant species and PFTs. A plant species to PFT ratio [spp.:PFTs] was the best overall predictor of animal diversity, especially termite species richness in Sumatra. To a notable extent vegetation structure also correlated with animal diversity. These surrogates demonstrate generic links between habitat structural elements, carbon stocks and biodiversity. They may also offer practical low-cost indicators for rapid assessment in tropical forest landscapes.

Plantas do Brasil: angiospermas do estado de Mato Grosso - Pantanal

A list of 111 species of flowering plants observed and collected in the Pantanal region in Mato Grosso State is presented. These species occur in different vegetation formation of the Pantanal like that of the flooded areas (permanent and temporary) and in non-flooded areas (semi-deciduous forest and cerrado islets). This work contains data about geographic distribution and habitat, and some ecological aspects are discussed.

The use of the camalote, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, Pontederiaceae, for handicraft in the District of Albuquerque, Corumbá, MS, Brazil

Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, known locally as camalote, is an aquatic plant indigenous to South America, abundant in the Pantanal, Brazil. Guato Indians used it for making sleeping mats in the Pantanal. The non-Indian community of Albuquerque, Corumba, MS, nowadays, is also using it for the same purposes. An ancient Guato Indian 74 years old taught the process. The use of the camalote for handicraft in Albuquerque is described here. The methods of investigation included both semi structured interviews and participant observations. The extraction of the camalote is made on the rivers, corixos and lagoons of the area. The leaf blades are cut and only petioles are carried to the houses, washed in clear water, and dried in the sun. After dried, the petioles are woven and sewed. The Guato original technique consists of sewing the craft with threads made of cotton fibers (Gossypium sp.) or tucum fibers (Bactris sp.) recently replaced by a nylon thread in Albuquerque. The crafts are sold to tourists.

TALISIA MOLLIS KUNTH VAR. MARLENEANA G. GUARIM NETO, VAR. NOV. (SAPINDACEAE)

Talisia mollis Kunth var. marleneana G. Guarim Neto, pertencente a Seccao Talisia, Subseccao Acladodea (R. & P.) Radlk. e aqui apresentada como um taxon novo para a ciencia. Uma chave para a separacao das variedades e informacoes sobre o habitat e ocorrencia geografica sao tambem apresentadas.