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Featured researches published by Gerrit Boschloo.


Chemical Reviews | 2010

Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

Anders Hagfeldt; Gerrit Boschloo; Licheng Sun; Lars Kloo; Henrik Pettersson

Dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is the only solar cell that can offer both the flexibility and transparency. Its efficiency is comparable to amorphous silicon solar cells but with a much lower cost. This review not only covers the fundamentals of DSSC but also the related cutting-edge research and its development for industrial applications. Most recent research topics on DSSC, for example, applications of nanostructured TiO2, ZnO electrodes, ionic liquid electrolytes, carbon nanotubes, graphene and solid state DSSC have all been included and discussed.


Accounts of Chemical Research | 2009

Characteristics of the Iodide/Triiodide Redox Mediator in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Gerrit Boschloo; Anders Hagfeldt

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) have gained widespread interest because of their potential for low-cost solar energy conversion. Currently, the certified record efficiency of these solar cells is 11.1%, and measurements of their durability and stability suggest lifetimes exceeding 10 years under operational conditions. The DSC is a photoelectrochemical system: a monolayer of sensitizing dye is adsorbed onto a mesoporous TiO(2) electrode, and the electrode is sandwiched together with a counter electrode. An electrolyte containing a redox couple fills the gap between the electrodes. The redox couple is a key component of the DSC. The reduced part of the couple regenerates the photo-oxidized dye. The formed oxidized species diffuses to the counter electrode, where it is reduced. The photovoltage of the device depends on the redox couple because it sets the electrochemical potential at the counter electrode. The redox couple also affects the electrochemical potential of the TiO(2) electrode through the recombination kinetics between electrons in TiO(2) and oxidized redox species. This Account focuses on the special properties of the iodide/triiodide (I(-)/I(3)(-)) redox couple in dye-sensitized solar cells. It has been the preferred redox couple since the beginning of DSC development and still yields the most stable and efficient DSCs. Overall, the iodide/triiodide couple has good solubility, does not absorb too much light, has a suitable redox potential, and provides rapid dye regeneration. But what distinguishes I(-)/I(3)(-) from most redox mediators is the very slow recombination kinetics between electrons in TiO(2) and the oxidized part of the redox couple, triiodide. Certain dyes adsorbed at TiO(2) catalyze this recombination reaction, presumably by binding iodine or triiodide. The standard potential of the iodide/triiodide redox couple is 0.35 V (versus the normal hydrogen electrode, NHE), and the oxidation potential of the standard DSC-sensitizer (Ru(dcbpy)(2)(NCS)(2)) is 1.1 V. The driving force for reduction of oxidized dye is therefore as large as 0.75 V. This process leads to the largest internal potential loss in DSC devices. We expect that overall efficiencies above 15% might be achieved if half of this internal potential loss could be gained. The regeneration of oxidized dye with iodide leads to the formation of the diiodide radical (I(2)(-*)). The redox potential of the I(2)(-*)/I(-) couple must therefore be considered when determining the actual driving force for dye regeneration. The formed I(2)(-*) disproportionates to I(3)(-) and I(-), which leads to a large loss in potential energy.


Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters | 2013

Effect of Different Hole Transport Materials on Recombination in CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite-Sensitized Mesoscopic Solar Cells

Dongqin Bi; Lei Yang; Gerrit Boschloo; Anders Hagfeldt; Erik M. J. Johansson

We report on perovskite (CH3NH3)PbI3-sensitized solid-state solar cells using spiro-OMeTAD, poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and 4-(diethylamino)benzaldehyde diphenylhydrazone (DEH) as hole transport materials (HTMs) with a light to electricity power conversion efficiency of 8.5%, 4.5%, and 1.6%, respectively, under AM 1.5G illumination of 1000 W/m(2) intensity. Photoinduced absorption spectroscopy (PIA) shows that hole transfer occurs from the (CH3NH3)PbI3 to HTMs after excitation of (CH3NH3)PbI3. The electron lifetime (τe) in these devices are in the order Spiro-OMeTAD > P3HT > DEH, while the charge transport time (ttr) is rather similar. The difference in τe can therefore explain the lower efficiency of the devices based on P3HT and DEH. This report shows that the nature of the HTM is essential for charge recombination and elucidates that finding an optimal HTM for the perovskite solar cell includes controlling the perovskite/HTM interaction. Design routes for new HTMs are suggested.


Journal of the American Chemical Society | 2008

Design of an Organic Chromophore for P-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Peng Qin; Hongjun Zhu; Tomas Edvinsson; Gerrit Boschloo; Anders Hagfeldt; Licheng Sun

A successful model for the design of efficient dyes for p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is presented. As an example, a novel and efficient organic dye containing a triphenylamine chromophore has been synthesized and successfully applied in a p-type DSSC. The highest incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 18% in the visible region has been obtained, which is the highest value so far in p-type DSSCs. This is remarkably high, considering that only 600 nm thin NiO mesoporous films were used as p-type DSSC electrodes.


Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry | 2002

Nanostructured ZnO electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cell applications

Karin Keis; Christophe Bauer; Gerrit Boschloo; Anders Hagfeldt; Karin Westermark; Håkan Rensmo; Hans Siegbahn

Dye-sensitized photoelectrochem. solar cells constitute a promising candidate in the search for cost-effective and environment-friendly solar cells. The most extensively studied, and to date the most efficient systems are based on titanium dioxide. In this paper, the possibilities to use nanostructured ZnO electrodes in photoelectrochem. solar cells are investigated. Various exptl. techniques (e.g. IR, photoelectron, femtosecond and nanosecond laser spectroscopies, laser flash induced photocurrent transient measurements, two- and three-electrode photoelectrochem. measurements) show that the thermodn., kinetics and charge transport properties are comparable for ZnO and TiO2. The prepn. techniques of ZnO provide more possibilities of varying the particle size and shape compared to TiO2. However, the dye-sensitization process is more complex in case of ZnO and care needs to be taken to achieve an optimal performance of the solar cell.


Advanced Materials | 2015

Bismuth Based Hybrid Perovskites A3Bi2I9 (A: Methylammonium or Cesium) for Solar Cell Application

Byung-wook Park; Bertrand Philippe; Xiaoliang Zhang; Håkan Rensmo; Gerrit Boschloo; Erik M. J. Johansson

Low-toxic bismuth-based perovskites are prepared for the possible replacement of lead perovskite in solar cells. The perovskites have a hexagonal crystalline phase and light absorption in the visible region. A power conversion efficiency of over 1% is obtained for a solar cell with Cs3 Bi2 I9 perovskite, and it is concluded that bismuth perovskites have very promising properties for further development in solar cells.


Advanced Materials | 2010

Double‐Layered NiO Photocathodes for p‐Type DSSCs with Record IPCE

Lin Li; Elizabeth A. Gibson; Peng Qin; Gerrit Boschloo; Mikhail Gorlov; Anders Hagfeldt; Licheng Sun

The P1- or C343-sensitized NiO photocathodes for p-DSSCs were optimized to obtain substantial current from thin films prepd. in two steps rather than one. These films are capable of adsorbing more dye, in comparison to one step films with the same thickness, due to their greater d., and appear to show better charge collection efficiency. Consequently, a significant photocurrent is obtained from the p-DSSC, giving 64% IPCE. The electrode should have sufficient current to match an n-type photoanode in a tandem cell, allowing an improvement the Voc above that of TiO2-based n-DSSCs.


Angewandte Chemie | 2009

A p-Type NiO-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell with an Open-Circuit Voltage of 0.35 V

Elizabeth A. Gibson; Amanda L. Smeigh; Loïc Le Pleux; Jérôme Fortage; Gerrit Boschloo; Errol Blart; Yann Pellegrin; Fabrice Odobel; Anders Hagfeldt; Leif Hammarström

In tandem: Employing a molecular dyad and a cobalt-based electrolyte gives a threefold-increase in open-circuit voltage (V(OC)) for a p-type NiO device (V(OC) = 0.35 V), and a fourfold better energy conversion efficiency. Incorporating these improvements in a TiO(2)/NiO tandem dye-sensitized solar cell (TDSC), results in a TDSC with a V(OC) = 0.91 V (see figure; CB = conductance band, VB = valence band).


Advanced Materials | 2014

Carbazole-based hole-transport materials for efficient solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells and perovskite solar cells.

Bo Xu; Esmaeil Sheibani; Peng Liu; Jinbao Zhang; Haining Tian; Nick Vlachopoulos; Gerrit Boschloo; Lars Kloo; Anders Hagfeldt; Licheng Sun

Two carbazole-based small molecule hole-transport materials (HTMs) are synthesized and investigated in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (ssDSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The HTM X51-based devices exhibit high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 6.0% and 9.8% in ssDSCs and PSCs, respectively. These results are superior or comparable to those of 5.5% and 10.2%, respectively, obtained for the analogous cells using the state-of-the-art HTM Spiro-OMeTAD.


Nanoscale | 2013

Efficient and stable CH3NH3PbI3-sensitized ZnO nanorod array solid-state solar cells

Dongqin Bi; Gerrit Boschloo; Stefan Schwarzmüller; Lei Yang; Erik M. J. Johansson; Anders Hagfeldt

We report for the first time the use of a perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) absorber in combination with ZnO nanorod arrays (NRAs) for solar cell applications. The perovskite material has a higher absorption coefficient than molecular dye sensitizers, gives better solar cell stability, and is therefore more suited as a sensitizer for ZnO NRAs. A solar cell efficiency of 5.0% was achieved under 1000 W m(-2) AM 1.5 G illumination for a solar cell with the structure: ZnO NRA/CH3NH3PbI3/spiro-MeOTAD/Ag. Moreover, the solar cell shows a good long-term stability. Using transient photocurrent and photovoltage measurements it was found that the electron transport time and lifetime vary with the ZnO nanorod length, a trend which is similar to that in dye-sensitized solar cells, DSCs, suggesting a similar charge transfer process in ZnO NRA/CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells as in conventional DSCs. Compared to CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2 solar cells, ZnO shows a lower performance due to more recombination losses.

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Anders Hagfeldt

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

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Licheng Sun

Royal Institute of Technology

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Lars Kloo

Royal Institute of Technology

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Nick Vlachopoulos

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

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Anders Hagfeldt

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

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