Ghangho Kim

The development of modularized post processing GPS software receiving platform

Modularized GPS software defined radio (SDR) software platform has many advantages of applying and modifying algorithm. Hardware based GPS receiver uses many hardware parts (such as RF front, correlators, CPU and others) that process tracked signal and navigation data to calculate user position, while SDR uses software modules, which run on general purpose CPU platform, to implement same function. SDR needs not change hardware part and it is not limited by hardware capability when new processing algorithm is required. The weakness of SDR is that software correlation takes lots of processing time. However, in these days the evolution of MPU and DSP, and the size minimization of general purpose CPU increase the competitiveness of SDR against the hardware GPS receiver. This paper presents a study of modulization of GPS SDR software platform and development of the GNSS SDR software platform using MATLAB Simulinktrade. We focus on especially post processing SDR platform which is usually adapted in research area. The main functions of SDR are GPS signal acquisition, signal tracking, decoding navigation data and calculating stand alone user position from stored data that was intermediate frequency (IF) down converted and sampled. Each module of SDR platform is categorized by function for applicability. The developed SDR software platform was tested using stored data that IF down converted and sampled. The test results present that the SDR software platform calculates user position properly.

A Study on Earth-Moon Transfer Orbit Design

Optimal transfer trajectories based on the planar circular restricted three body problem are designed by using mixed impulsive and continuous thrust. Continuous and dynamic trajectory optimization is reformulated in the form of discrete optimization problem. This is done by the method of direct transcription and collocation. It is then solved by using nonlinear programming software. Two very different transfer trajectories can be obtained by the different combinations of the design parameters. Furthermore, it was found out that all designed trajectories permit a ballistic capture by the Moon’s gravity. Finally, the required thrust profiles are presented and they are analyzed in detail.

Modified High-Resolution Correlator Technique for Short-Delayed Multipath Mitigation

Multipath is one of the main error sources in global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning. The high-resolution correlator (HRC) is a multipath mitigation technique well known for its outstanding performance for mid-delayed multipath, but still has a remaining error for the short-delayed multipath. This paper proposes a modified HRC scheme that can remove or reduce the error for short-delayed multipath signals. It estimates the HRC tracking error and augments the conventional HRC with the estimates. The method was implemented with a software receiver and the test results show short-delayed multipath-induced errors were reduced to about one third of those from the conventional HRC.

The Development of Modularized Post Processing GPS Software Receiving Platform using MATLAB Simulink

Modularized GPS software defined radio (SDR) software platform has many advantages of applying and modifying algorithm. Hardware based GPS receiver uses many hardware parts (such as RF front, correlators, CPU and others) that process tracked signal and navigation data to calculate user position, while SDR uses software modules, which run on general purpose CPU platform, to implement same function. SDR needs not change hardware part and it is not limited by hardware capability when new processing algorithm is required. The weakness of SDR is that software correlation takes lots of processing time. However, in these days the evolution of MPU and DSP, and the size minimization of general purpose CPU increase the competitiveness of SDR against the hardware GPS receiver. This paper presents a study of modulization of GPS SDR software platform and development of the GNSS SDR software platform using MATLAB Simulinktrade. We focus on especially post processing SDR platform which is usually adapted in research area. The main functions of SDR are GPS signal acquisition, signal tracking, decoding navigation data and calculating stand alone user position from stored data that was intermediate frequency (IF) down converted and sampled. Each module of SDR platform is categorized by function for applicability. The developed SDR software platform was tested using stored data that IF down converted and sampled. The test results present that the SDR software platform calculates user position properly.

Pseudolite Antenna Calibration Algorithm using a Multi-Antenna Receiver

The need for position information in indoor environments has been growing lately. Several indoor navigation systems have been studied. Among them, pseudolite-based indoor positioning systems are one of the best systems to obtain precise position measurements. However, the installation of such systems is very difficult because the calibration of pseudolite antenna position is complicated. For precise calibration, the use of carrier phase measurements is necessary, and whenever carrier phase measurements are considered, problems with cycle ambiguity appear. In this paper, a new approach to calibrate the positions of pseudolite antennas is proposed. By using a multi-antenna, the ambiguity can be eliminated, epoch by epoch, for every single carrier phase measurement. Moreover, the number of calibration points can be reduced down to 3 by use of measurements collected at unknown positions. Using the proposed methods, the process of the collection of carrier phase measurements becomes considerably simple and convenient. Simulation results are presented to verify the proposed algorithms.

Coarse Initial Orbit Determination for a Geostationary Satellite Using Single-Epoch GPS Measurements

A practical algorithm is proposed for determining the orbit of a geostationary orbit (GEO) satellite using single-epoch measurements from a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver under the sparse visibility of the GPS satellites. The algorithm uses three components of a state vector to determine the satellite’s state, even when it is impossible to apply the classical single-point solutions (SPS). Through consideration of the characteristics of the GEO orbital elements and GPS measurements, the components of the state vector are reduced to three. However, the algorithm remains sufficiently accurate for a GEO satellite. The developed algorithm was tested on simulated measurements from two or three GPS satellites, and the calculated maximum position error was found to be less than approximately 40 km or even several kilometers within the geometric range, even when the classical SPS solution was unattainable. In addition, extended Kalman filter (EKF) tests of a GEO satellite with the estimated initial state were performed to validate the algorithm. In the EKF, a reliable dynamic model was adapted to reduce the probability of divergence that can be caused by large errors in the initial state.

GPS Satellite State Vector Determination in ECI Coordinate System using the Civil Navigation Message

A closed form of an algorithm to determine a Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites position, velocity and acceleration is proposed, and an Earth Centred Earth Fixed (ECEF) to Earth Centred Inertial (ECI) transformation result using the Civil Navigation (CNAV) message is presented in this paper. To obtain the closed form of the GPS satellite velocity and acceleration determination algorithm using the CNAV, we analytically differentiated the IS-GPS-200F position determination function. The calculated data are transformed from the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) to the Geocentric Celestial Reference Frame (GCRF) using an equinox-based transform algorithm that is defined in the IAU-2000 resolution system using the Earth Orientation Parameter (EOP) data. To verify the correctness of the proposed velocity and acceleration determination algorithm, the analytical results are compared to the numerical result. The equinox-based transformation result is compared to simple rotation about the z-axis, which does not use the EOP. The results show that by using the proposed algorithm and the equinox-based transformation together, the user can obtain more accurate navigation data in the ECI frame.

Development of Galileo E5 Signal Receiving Software for AltBoc Signal Modulation

This paper contains the signal receiving algorithm for Galileo E5 AltBOC signal and the development of Galileo E5 signal receiving software. The software runs the process from signal acquisition to extracting measurement data to get navigation solution. It uses logged IF data file as an input. In signal acquisition stage, 1ms and delayed 1ms data are used for reducing correlation ross from secondary code and navigation bit conversion. Signal tracking stage is made of two stages which are coarse tracking and fine tracking. It is for taking advantage of AltBOC characteristic and resolving ambiguity problem due to BOC modulation. The functions of software are verified by signal processing using logged IF data from commercial GNSS simulator.