Ghislain Remy

An Innovative Control Strategy of a Single Converter for Hybrid Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor Power Source

In this paper, an innovative control strategy for hybrid power sources dedicated to automotive applications is detailed. First, an analysis of classical hybrid architectures using fuel cell (FC)/supercapacitors is presented. Then, an analysis of load requirements for automotive applications is proposed. A new control strategy of a single converter, based on a cascaded control loop with a decoupling strategy in the frequency domain, is fully explained. Finally, experimental results on a Ballard proton exchange membrane FC are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Saturation Management of a Controlled Fuel-Cell/Ultracapacitor Hybrid Vehicle

In this paper, a new control strategy, including saturation management of hybrid fuel-cell (FC)/ultracapacitor (UC) power sources, is described. First, an analysis of hybrid architectures using an FC and UCs for automotive applications is presented. Next, the model and the control strategy are described using energetic macroscopic representation (EMR). The main improvement over classical control strategies of such systems is to take into account saturation management with a dynamic reconfiguration of the energy management strategy (EMS). It includes the regenerative breaking in high state of charge (SOC) of the UC and the supply of a full power demand in low SOC of the UC. Finally, experimental results with small-scale devices show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy using saturation management.

Structure and control strategy for a parallel hybrid fuel cell/supercapacitors power source

In this paper, two control strategies for two parallel hybrid fuel cell/supercapacitors power source are described. First, different hybrid architectures using fuel cells for automotive applications are analyzed. Two parallel hybrid configurations are more precisely detailed and their control strategies are explained. Then, experimental validations using a Nexa Ballard PEM-FC as main source and BOOSTCAP Maxwell supercapacitors as auxiliary source are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies.

High performance control of the permanent magnet synchronous motor using self-tuning resonant controllers

The permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) have been widely used in high-performance variable speed drives. However, any non-ideal conditions, such as nonsinusoidal distributed rotor permanent magnet flux or the cogging effects, may bring on ripples in the output torque. In this paper, we propose to suppress the torque ripple of the PMSM in the stationary reference frame by using self-tuning multiple-frequency resonant controllers. This kind of controller is usually used to track the non-sinusoidal command and/or reject some kind of higher-order harmonic disturbances in AC current control system. We first present how to design the robust self-tuning resonant controller using pole assignment technique, in which the influence of unit time-delay is compensated. After that, the optimal excitation current waveforms are designed to suppress the torque ripples caused by the back-EMF harmonics. The torque ripples can be completely eliminated up to an arbitrary order. By using the self-tuning multiple-frequency resonant controllers, the regulated currents can perfectly track the optimal excitation currents, and the undesired torque ripple is therefore efficiently suppressed. The experimental results confirm the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method

Interval-based global optimization in engineering using model reformulation and constraint propagation

This paper deals with the preliminary design problem when the product is modeled as an analytic model. The analytic models based method aims to use mathematical equations to address both multi-physic and economic characteristics of a product. The proposed approach is to convert the preliminary design problem into a global constrained optimization problem. The objective is to develop powerful optimization methods enough to handle complex analytical models. We propose to adapt an approach to solve this problem based on interval analysis, constraint propagation and model reformulation. In order to understand the optimization algorithm used for engineering design problems, some basic definitions and properties of interval analysis are introduced. Then, the basic optimization algorithms for both unconstrained and constrained problems are introduced and illustrated. The next section introduces the reformulation technique as main accelerating device. An application of the reformulation device and its global optimization algorithm on the optimal design of electrical actuators is presented.

Control strategy with saturation management of a fuel cell/ultracapacitors hybrid vehicule

In this paper, a new control strategy including saturation management of hybrid fuel cell/ultracapacitors power source is described. First, an analysis of hybrid architectures using fuel cells and ultracapacitors for automotive applications is presented. Then, a two-converter parallel configuration is more precisely detailed. The model and the control strategy are described using the Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR). So, the main originality of this paper is based on the consideration of the systems limits. This leads to a very complete Energy Management Strategy, which has been evaluated and validated in simulation.

Impact of permanent magnet field on inductance variation of a PMLSM

Analytical models of Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motors are generally presented with constant inductances. However, the impact of powerful rare-earth PMs in the saturation phenomena cannot be neglected anymore. In this paper, a new non-linear model of PMLSM inductances is suggested. This model is defined as a function of the current value as well as of the magnet position. So, an analytical study, a finite-element analysis and experimental results are presented and confronted.

Optimization of a power electronic structure for hybrid Fuel Cell/Ultracapacitors vehicle

This paper deals with the optimization of a parallel hybrid Fuel Cell (FC)/ Ultracapacitors (UCs) power source for automotive applications. The aim of this hybridization and its control are to fulfil the load requirements as well as to comply with the component constraints (high efficiency, reduced weight and cost, etc.). First, a classical hybrid architecture using FC/UCs and a two-converter structure is presented. After that, power requirements for automotive applications are analyzed, and the load power demands for the FC/UCs sources are deduced. Secondly, the model-based design approach is used for the optimization, and a selection of the main components to be optimized is presented. Thus, the simulation model and the control strategy are detailed. This model has been validated experimentally. Finally, an optimization algorithm is designed using Parallel Computing and the Genetic Algorithm toolbox of Matlab/Simulink. The retained criterion is based on the reduction of the total volume of the system.

The Electromagnetic Actuator Design Problem: An Adapted Interval Global Optimization Algorithm

This paper presents a deterministic optimization algorithm applied to the optimal design of electromagnetic actuators. The algorithm is based on interval arithmetics and constraint propagation, and aims at solving nonlinear optimization problems by enclosing the global optimum. A new reformulation step is introduced in order to accelerate the convergence of the algorithm and increase solution accuracy. Numerical tests have been performed on the optimal design of electromagnetic actuator.

Analyses of energy management strategies for a PEMFC/UC electric vehicle

In this paper, two energy management strategies considering the hydrogen consumption of hybrid power sources using a PEM Fuel Cell (FC) and Ultracapacitors (UC) are described and compared. First, the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) architecture and the associated models with their control strategies are described. The two energy management strategies are evaluated based on the Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR). The comparison focuses on the global efficiency of the power sources energy management. In particular, a proposed strategy is to manage the UC State-Of-Charge while stabilizing the FC around its maximal efficiency point. Finally, some simulations on a Fuel Cell / Ultracapacitors HEV show the differences between the compared control strategies.