Gilberto de Lima Garcias

Diagnóstico das condições de saúde bucal em portadores de paralisia cerebral do município de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is an encephalic static lesion defined as a non-progressive disorder of movements and posture. It is usually associated with epilepsy, speaking, hearing and sight disorders and also mental retardation. Even though, people who have CP need special care for the prevention of factors linked to oral problems, in the odontological context, the literary information is contradictory when it comes to the incidence of oral diseases on patients who have cerebral palsy. In order to determine the oral health and associated factors conditions, an epidemiological research has been made in 41 children who have cerebral palsy. The variables taken into account were: social-economical aspects, risk factors for the development of oral diseases, access to odontological care, caries index, periodontal disease, malocclusion and dental fluorose. Children who were examined showed a higher level of gingivitis and caries experience, mainly on the primary dentition, and also severe malocclusions, factors that indicate the need of early intervention, whether with educational programs or healing assistance. The study has shown that, in addition to the quantitative necessity of care, it is also necessary to improve the quality of these patients consultations.

Freqüência das malformações múltiplas em recém-nascidos na Cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, e fatores sócio-demográficos associados

This study aimed to estimate the frequency and to correlate the possible causal agents and monitor the occurrence of multiple neonatal malformations in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The study included all births from 1990 to 2002 in the local maternity hospitals with birth weight > 500 g. Each newborn presenting a malformation (case) was assigned a live matched neonate (control) without any malformation and of the same sex. A database was established by filling out the ECLAMC-MONITOR forms, 1982 edition, tabulated with SPSS. Statistical analysis used Student t and chi2. During the study period, 71,500 children were born, of whom 0.11% presented multiple malformations. Significant results were found for birth weight, twin births, parents ethnic background, paternal age, and number of previous abortions and stillbirths. In Pelotas, the proportion of newborns with malformations during the study period was 1.37%. Of these, 8.1% presented multiple malformations, predominantly in females and in births occurring during the winter.

Prevention of neural tube defects: prevalence of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy and associated factors in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

To determine folic acid use and associated factors, a cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in all five maternity hospitals in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Data were collected from April 1 to August 15, 2006 (n = 1,450 women). A standard questionnaire was applied in the hospitals. Statistical analysis used Poisson regression. Prevalence of folic acid consumption during pregnancy was 31.8%, and periconceptional use was 4.3%. The following were associated with folic acid use: white skin color, schooling > 9 years, family income > R

Antropometria e fatores de risco em recém-nascidos com fendas faciais

600, age > 30 years, planned pregnancy, > or =7 prenatal visits, knowledge on folic acid, and prenatal care in the private health system. In order to prevent neural tube defects, it is important to promote folic acid use among childbearing-age women and to supply folic acid to poor women.

Prevalência e fatores associados ao uso de antidepressivos em adultos de área urbana de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, em 2006

OBJETIVO: buscando identificar e comparar caracteristicas familiares e maternas entre portadores de fendas faciais e recem-nascidos isentos de morbidade, realizou-se um estudo com delineamento de caso e controle nos hospitais da cidade de Pelotas-RS. METODOS: os dados foram obtidos atraves de entrevista com maes de 56 casos e 232 controles, nascidos nas cinco maternidades da cidade de Pelotas no periodo de 1990 a 2002. Os controles foram os quatro recem-nascidos que nasceram apos o caso. Foram obtidas informacoes sobre o tipo de labio leporino, sexo e peso do recem-nascido, gemelaridade, consanguinidade, etnia, historia familiar de fissuras e de outras malformacoes. O planejamento de analise de dados incluiu o uso do teste t-Student, qui-quadrado e odds ratio. RESULTADOS: obteve-se uma incidencia de fenda labial com ou sem fenda palatina de 0,78 por 1.000 nascidos vivos. Diferencas significativas foram observadas em relacao ao grau de instrucao materna e historia familiar positiva de malformacoes, com riscos relativos estimados em 6,0 e 2,3, respectivamente. CONCLUSOES: em Pelotas, RS, foram encontrados 56 recem-nascidos portadores de labio leporino com ou sem palato fendido no periodo do estudo. Os fatores de risco para esse tipo de anomalia foram: baixo grau de instrucao materna, o qual pode estar relacionado ao consequente baixo nivel socioeconomico, e historia familiar positiva de presenca de malformacao de varios tipos.

A BRAZILIAN FAMILY WITH QUADRUPEDAL GAIT, SEVERE MENTAL RETARDATION, COARSE FACIAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND HIRSUTISM

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and determinants of antidepressant use among adults in a city in southern Brazil. The cross-sectional study was based on interviews with adults 40 years or older living in the urban area of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, 2006. The chi-squared test was used for comparisons between proportions. Non-conditional logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis, with robust adjustment for variance. A total of 1,327 adults were interviewed, of whom 9.3% had used antidepressants. Use of antidepressants was significantly associated with female gender (OR: 2.45; 95%CI: 1.50-4.02), higher socioeconomic status (OR: 2.07; 95%CI: 1.28-3.34), and unemployment (OR: 1.65; 95%CI: 1.06-2.55). The prevalence of antidepressant use was higher than in other studies. Identification of individual determinants of use can serve as the basis for strategies to decrease the consumption of antidepressants in these groups.

Prevalência de nascimentos gemelares em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

This article describes the case of four brothers, born of a consanguineous couple, that present a severe mental retardation syndrome, coarse facial characteristics, hirsutism, quadrupedal gait (pithecoid walk), small stature, absence of speech, strabismus as well as having small hands and feet. This case seems to be a behavioral syndrome, which was inherited in an autosomal recessive manner not previously recorded.

Monitoramento da ação genotóxica em trabalhadores de sapatarias através do teste de micronúcleos, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the prevalence of twin births in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, during three periods, and the influence of a number of factors on this occurrence. METHODS: a cross-cutting (multiple time series) study was carried out, using the database of the Congenital Defect Monitoring Program, which registers all of the births occurring in the five hospitals of the city of Pelotas, for the years 1993, 1997 and 2003. RESULTS: the mean prevalence of twin births per thousand births (x89 )t was 8.95x89 (monozygotic=2.20x89 and dizygotic=6.76x89 ). The prevalence of triplets was 0.07x89 . The total prevalence for twin births, in the case of both monozygotic and dizygotic twins rose over the period studied. The mean age of the mother (27.53 years) and the order in the series of gestations (2.35) were significantly higher in cases of twin births than in cases of the birth of a single infant (26.03 years and 2.14 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: mothers aged >30 years were responsible for the increase in the prevalence of twin births in Pelotas. The higher mean position in a sequence of gestations among mothers of twins ruled out the significance of the use of fertility treatment techniques.

Community Diagnosis of Maternal Exposure to Risk Factors for Congenital Defects

Neste trabalho, investigou-se a frequencia de micronucleos em celulas esfoliadas da mucosa bucal de trabalhadores de sapatarias, na cidade de Pelotas (RS). O estudo constou de 54 trabalhadores de sapatarias expostos a cola e solventes e 54 controles. Avaliou-se a incidencia de celulas com micronucleos(CMN), binucleadas(CBN), nucleos ligados(CNL) e total de anomalias(TA), em 2.000 celulas por individuo. Elaborou-se um banco de dados no programa SPSS for Windows pelo teste de Mann-Whitney U, p<0,05. A media de anomalias entre os sapateiros foi 8.69±6.49CMN; 8,85±4,92CBN; 5,78±4,78CNL; 23,31±10,01TA, e nos controles 4,00±61617; 5,05CMN; 4,63±61617; 4,35CBN; 4,76±61617; 5,00CNL; 13,39±61617; 9,43TA (p=0,0001; p=0,0001; p=0,144 e p=0,0001, respectivamente). Avaliou-se a influencia da idade, sexo, tempo de trabalho, renda familiar, fumo, bebida alcoolica, doencas dermatologicas, oftalmologicas, respiratorias e sistema nervoso central (SNC) no numero de anomalias celulares. Esses nao influenciaram; apenas observou-se que, na faixa etaria de 15 a 29, foi maior o numero de CNL do que em 45 a 72 anos e no tempo de trabalho de 0,1 a 10 anos apresentou mais CMN do que as outras faixas.

Prevalência e fatores associados ao uso de antidepressivos em adultos de área urbana de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, em 2006 Prevalence of antidepressant use and associated factors among adults in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, 2006

Objectives: This paper describes a community diagnosis of maternal exposure to risk factors for congenital defects in the population of Pelotas, RS, Brazil (400,000 inhabitants). The authors investigated biological and demographic factors (maternal age, alcohol ingestion and smoking), social and economic factors (family income and type of work), and welfare factors (prenatal care, illnesses during pregnancy, drug therapy, and vaccinations). These factors were matched up with the Decalogue for Prevention of Congenital Defects recommended by the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations. Methods: Data were collected in a population-based study in which mothers were interviewed in the hospitals of Pelotas, RS, during 1995. On each day, the first 3 women to give birth were interviewed in every city hospital. The sample resulted in a total of 3,219 interviewed women. Results and Conclusions: Low-income groups are most exposed. They present the following potential risk factors: (a) outside the ideal age range for pregnancy; (b) fewer prenatal care appointments; (c) no prevention against rubella through vaccinations, and (d) more cigarette smoking. In the high-income groups, the potential risk factors were: (a) drug therapy (more common) and (b) more women working outside the home. We did not find any difference among social classes concerning: (a) illnesses during pregnancy and (b) ingestion of alcohol. When a general risk score was used, this figure was higher in the group of women who were not within ideal age for pregnancy. However, there was no difference among social classes. This has led us to conclude that delayed childbearing is a global risk whereas each social class has its own risks.Objectives: This paper describes a community diagnosis of maternal exposure to risk factors for congenital defects in the population of Pelotas, RS, Brazil (400,000 inhabitants). Th