Gillian Pascall
University of Nottingham
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Journal of Social Policy | 2004
Gillian Pascall; Jane Lewis
This article addresses some implications for gender equality and gender policy at European and national levels of transformations in family, economy and polity, which challenge gender regimes across Europe. Women’s labour market participation in the west and the collapse of communism in the east have undermined the systems and assumptions of western male breadwinner and dual worker models of central and eastern Europe. Political reworking of the work/welfare relationship into active welfare has individualised responsibility. Individualisation is a key trend west − and in some respects east − and challenges the structures that supported care in state and family. The links that joined men to women, cash to care, incomes to carers have all been fractured. The article will argue that care work and unpaid care workers are both casualties of these developments. Social, political and economic changes have not been matched by the development of new gender models at the national level. And while EU gender policy has been admired as the most innovative aspect of its social policy, gender equality is far from achieved: women’s incomes across Europe are well below men’s; policies for supporting unpaid care work have developed modestly compared with labour market activation policies.Enlargement brings new challenges as it draws together gender regimes with contrasting histories and trajectories. The article will map social policies for gender equality across the key elements of gender regimes – paid work, care work, income, time and voice – and discuss the nature of a model of gender equality that would bring gender equality across these. It analyses ideas about a dual earner–dual carer model, in the Dutch combination scenario and ‘universal caregiver’ models, at household and civil society levels. These offer a starting point for a model in which paid and unpaid work are equally valued and equally shared between men and women, but we argue that a citizenship model, in which paid and unpaid work obligations are underpinned by social rights, is more likely to achieve gender equality.
Journal of European Social Policy | 2000
Gillian Pascall; Nicholas Manning
How are the distinctive gender regimes in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union changing? What is the impact of the transition - and especially of the loss of state expenditure and state legitimacy - on women as paid workers, partners/wives, mothers, carers and citizens? Have women become more familialized as a result of transition processes? The Monee statistical database of 27 countries, and policy questionnaires to 12, show growing social, economic and cultural diversity. But the soviet legacy and the transition processes give these countries common ground too. Equal rights at work and womenÕs need for paid employment remain from the soviet era. But the gap between rights and practice widens. Legal equality in marriage remains, but domestic violence and the domestic division of labour give evidence of unequal relationships. While the soviet state socialized many costs of motherhood and care work, in some countries families are now bearing much heavier costs. Women as citizens now have more freedoms to organize, but action is more focused on coping and survival than on wider politics: women are - broadly - more familialized, more dependent on family relationships if perhaps less dependent in them.
Archive | 1997
Gillian Pascall
1. Social Policy: A Feminist Critique 2. Family, Work and the State 3. Caring and Social Policy 4. Education 5. Housing 6. Health 7. Poverty and Social Security 8. Conclusion References
Archive | 2005
Gillian Pascall; Anna Kwak
Introduction: gender and the family under Communism and after Gender regimes in Central and Eastern Europe Policy and parents in Poland Mothers and the state Mothers and their households Mothers and social policy Gender equality in the wider Europe Conclusion.
Community, Work & Family | 2009
Elizabeth Fox; Gillian Pascall; Tracey Warren
This paper asks about social policies for fathers’ participation in childcare in Europe, and fathers’ work–family reconciliation practices and ideals, with special reference to the UK. In some European countries, especially Sweden, reform has given fathers non-transferable rights to parental leave. Might such innovations enhance UK mens contribution to childcare? In the UK, gender inequalities in policy are stark: parental leave systems assume – through maternity leaves – mothers’ responsibility for care, while seeing fathers’ care as a question of individual choice. Our qualitative research asked how fathers managed reconciliation between work and family, and how alternative social policy strategies would fit with their practices and ideals. The paper concludes that social policies supporting mens care – particularly parental leave dedicated to fathers – are needed to enhance gender equality and work–family reconciliation for men and for women.
Journal of Gender Studies | 2000
Gillian Pascall; Susan Parker; Julia Evetts
How can we understand womens typically incremental approach to career, which defies the goal-oriented career-building logic of management culture? A qualitative study of 40 women in banking explored this issue with 20 clerical workers and 20 managers. In the context of banking policies for equal opportunities, career breaks, management trainee schemes, some respondents described career goals and development in traditional terms, but most acknowledged their difference from perceived norms. Organisational hierarchies, traditional male career grooming, and the long hours culture, as well as accommodation to other family members are seen to stand in the way of long-term goal-setting. Incrementalism and credit accumulation are rational approaches to uncertainty about family relationships and needs, a high risk of failure to reach male-dominated positions, and the heavy demands of combining a managerial career with motherhood. What kind of aspiration, norm, or ideal gives direction and other specific guidance to a soprano, the impossible aspiration to hit a note six octaves above the highest note ever sung or the resolve to reach A above high-C? (Lindblom, 1979, p. 518)
Women in Management Review | 1998
Susan Parker; Gillian Pascall; Julia Evetts
Banks have significantly changed their public policies about women’s access to management, to include career breaks and job sharing, with recruitment and promotion policies claiming equal opportunity for men and women. But has there been a revolution on the high street? A qualitative study of 40 women in banking explored questions of change and continuity with 20 clerical workers and 20 managers. From their perspective, men’s power in higher management positions can still be used to obstruct women’s advancement, and often contradicts the public policy that career and motherhood are compatible. New forms of dual labour market and gendered career routes are taking the place of old ones. These sideline women into less powerful and rewarding posts. They also create new divisions between women, privileging graduate entrants, but further obstructing clerical workers’ career development.
International Journal of Lifelong Education | 1994
Roger Cox; Gillian Pascall
This article explores the responses of 43 mature women students to questions about their experience of higher education. All were interviewed whilst students and 23 were interviewed again almost 10 years later. The responses discussed here were not to questions about practical educational and personal problems which mature students encounter (important though these are), but to questions about the way their experience of higher education, and subsequently of their careers, affected their perceptions of themselves in terms of their sense of status, authority and self‐fulfilment: the ambiguity of their initial response led us to explore what they had to say within a theoretical framework which suggests that the relationship between education and gender in the late 20th century makes the management of the ‘public’ and the ‘private’ self a difficult one for women to negotiate. As students they partially resolved the tension by espousing a counter‐cultural view of education stressing the importance of the ‘pri...
Archive | 2012
Gillian Pascall
Introduction Understanding Gender in welfare states Gendered power Gender in employment Gender care Gendered income Gendered time Conclusion.
Gender and Education | 1993
Gillian Pascall; Roger Cox
abstract This paper explores the relationship between education and domesticity within two different contexts. The first is the theoretical literature about the reproduction of domesticity within the education system — which in various ways suggests that the education of girls and women leads them towards domestic roles and low paid work. The second context is a study of mature women students, in which respondents saw education as leading them away from the traditional versions of domestic roles and into more rewarding paid employment. The paper concludes that the reproduction of social roles is contested and that the extension of education for women has real potential for destabilising traditional notions of femininity.