Gilson Moura Filho

Desenvolvimento vegetativo e produção de variedades de cana-de-açúcar em relação à disponibilidade hídrica e unidades térmicas

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar padroes de crescimento e de producao de variedades de cana-de-acucar (Saccharum officinarum L.) com os graus-dias e disponibilidade hidrica, durante os cultivos de cana-planta e cana-soca, na regiao dos Tabuleiros Costeiros Alagoano. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na area experimental de Agrometeorologia da Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Rio Largo-AL, num solo classificado como Latossolo Amarelo coeso argissolico. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos cazualizados com cinco repeticoes e quatro tratamentos: variedades RB92579, RB931530, RB93509 e SP79-1011. As variaveis da cultura utilizadas foram: perfilhamento, altura da planta, indice de area foliar (IAF), acumulo de materia seca no colmo e producao final. Foram encontradas diferencas significativas entre as medias de perfilhamento das variedades em todas as epocas amostradas, de forma geral o maior perfilhamento foi observado na variedade RB92579. O crescimento das plantas apresentou curvas de formato sigmoidal, com tres fases distintas. Na fase de estabelecimento da cultura, apesar de ter ocorrido otima disponibilidade hidrica, o crescimento foi lento. Na fase de crescimento vegetativo as plantas nao cresceram em potencial, porque houve deficiencias hidricas. A fase final ocorreu entre 1500 e 2015 GD na cana-planta e 950 e 1800 GD na cana-soca. A variedade RB92579 alcancou valores de IAF superiores a 3, logo aos 600 GD nos dois ciclos, permanecendo o restante dos ciclos acima desse valor, contribuindo para uma melhor eficiencia no uso da agua e para o maior acumulo de materia seca.

Growth and yield of sugarcane under different phosphorus sources

This work had as its objective in the evaluation of the growth and production of the sugarcare plant under different phosphorus sources. The experiment was carried out in Coruripe, AL, Brazil with 10 fertilizer treatments: 1) Control; 2) NK + micronutrient; 3) Super Phosphate Simple; 4) Triple Super Phosphate; 5) Fosmag; 6) Gafsa; 7) MAP; 8) NPK 06-26-24 (460 kg ha-1); 9) Compost and 10) Simple Super Phosphate - splitdose. The experiment was in random blocks, with four replicates. Parameters evaluated were: number of tillers, height of plants, IAF, rate of stalk growth, rate of biomass production of the stalk, relative growth rate, production and P in leaf and available in soil. P sources did not show any significant influence upon the growth of cane-plant due to the residual effect of previous manuring, with average yield of 80 t ha-1. The triple super phosphate produced the best production in the cane-plant, which presented three growth phases: 1st phase: intense tillering until 120 days after planting (DAP); 2nd phase:intense growth between 120 and 240 DAP; and 3rd phase: maturation, between 240 and 360 DAP. The major growth rate and fresh matter stalk production occurred after intense tillering phase between 120 and 240 DAP.

Fluxo difusivo de fósforo em função de doses e da umidade do solo

The main phosphorus transport mechanism in the soil is diffusion, which is influenced by several soil factors, such as volumetric water content, phosphorus-colloid interaction, distance between source and roots, content and temperature. The effects of the soil water content and phosphorus doses on the diffusion flow into soil were assessed in samples from the superficial layers of five soils. The treatments were arranged in a 5 x 8 x 5 factorial design corresponding, respectively, to five soils, eight moisture levels and five phosphorus doses. A completely randomized block design with four replications was used. The experimental unit was a PVC ring with a volume of 360 cm3, which acted as a diffusion chamber. Anionic exchange resin slides (IONICS 204UZRA) were utilized to assess the phosphorus diffusion flow. Results indicated that the diffusion flow was influenced by phosphorus doses and moisture content.

Determination of the factors of the universal soil loss equation in Sumé (Paraíba State, Brazil)

The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) factors were determined in a Haplargs under natural rainfall conditions. Data concerning to the years of 1983 -1990 were obtained at the Sume Experimental Station (Paraiba State - Brazil) of the Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB). The treatments consisted of runoff plots with bare soil, native semiarid vegetation runoff plot, mulch runoff plot, palm leaf under downhill runoff plot and under contour palm leaf runoff plot. The annual average of the rainfall erosivity factors EI30 and PI30 were 4,928 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 and 19,734 mm-2 h-1, respectively. The calculated annual mean values of the erodibility parameters were calculated in 0.013 t h MJ-1 mm-1 and 0.003 t h ha-1 mm-2. The calculated values for the support practice factor cropping-management parameter were 0.0015, 0.0174, 0.0133, 0.0056, 0.5103 and 0.2355 for the native semiarid vegetation runoff plot, native semiarid vegetation (new) runoff plot, mulch runoff plots, downhill palm leaf runoff plot and contouring cropped palm leaf runoff plot treatments, respectively. The values of the support conservationist practice factor to downhill palm leaf runoff plot was 0.46.

Plantas de cobertura e adubação nitrogenada na produção de milho em sistema de plantio direto

The cultivation of cover crops can optimize the input of organic material and nutrients and protect the soil from erosion, while the N is one of the most required nutrient by agricultural crops and may become a limiting fator in its productivity. In this context, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of three different legumes used as cover crops on morphological components and production of corn grown in succession under no-tillage system, in the absence and presence of mineral N fertilization (80 kg N ha-1), in the form of ammonium sulfate. This study was conducted in an Oxissol of the Coastal Tablelands in the State of Alagoas. The components of maize production showed better results in succession to Crotalaria spectabilis. Significant interaction was found between green manure and N fertilization, resulting in higher grain productivity.

Produtividade da Heliconia psittacorum x Heliconia pathocircinada cv. Golden Torch sob diferentes fontes de adubação orgânica

The present study was aimed to evaluate the productivity of Heliconia psittacorum x Heliconia pathocircinada, cv. Golden Torch, when submitted to different sources of organic manure. The experiment was conducted at Escola Agrotecnica Federal, in Satuba, Alagoas State (Brazil). The experimental design was randomized blocks with 5 replications and 10 treatments: T1) control, without fertilization; T2) mineral fertilizer; T3) farm yard manure; T4) chicken bedding; T5) filter cake; T6) urban garbage compound; T7) farm yard manure + mineral fertilizer; T8) chicken bedding + mineral fertilizer; T9) filter cake + mineral fertilizer; T10) urban garbage compound + mineral fertilizer. The following variables were evaluated: number of the tillers per clump, the beginning of the flowering, number of the flower stem per clump, length of flower stem, diameter of flower stem, length of bract, interval of the flowering, number of leaves per flower stem and leaf area of flower stem. The fertilization organomineral provided a significant increase in the variables: number of tillers per clump, length of flower stem, number of flower stem per clump, length of bract, floral stem, diameter of flower stem and leaf area, contributing also to the precocity harvest and smaller flowering interval, when compared with organic fertilizers and control.

Caracterização de isolados de Phytophthora drechsleri, agente causal da podridão mole de raízes de mandioca

Nine Phytophthora isolates from cassava (Manihot esculenta) were characterized based on morphology and morphometry of propagative structures, growth at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 oC, and by evaluating its pathogenicity. Sporangia produced on nonsterile soil extract were ovoid, nonpapillate and persistent, formed in a sympodium or unbranched sporangiophores, 24.6 to 57.4 µm long x 14.8 to 37.7 µm wide, and length-breadth ratio was 1.0 - 2.6. Chlamydospores were rarely observed. Oospores produced in single spore culture on V8 agar medium were aplerotic, and 13.1 to 34.4 µm in diameter. Antheridia were amphigynous, measuring 8.2 - 24.6 µ x 8.2 - 19.7 µ ; oogonia ranged from 19.7 to 41.0 µm in diameter. Culture growth was greatest at 25 oC in V8 agar medium. The isolates that were pathogenic to plants and detached roots of cassava were identified as Phytophthora drechsleri Tucker.