Giorgos Galanis

Income distribution and growth: a global model

This paper estimates the effects of a change in the wage share on growth at global level in the G20 countries. A decrease in the wage share in isolation leads to lower growth in the euro area, Germany, France, Italy, the UK, the US, Japan, Turkey, and South Korea, whereas it stimulates growth in Canada, Australia, Argentina, Mexico, China, India, and South Africa. However, a simultaneous decline in the wage share in all these countries leads to a decline in global growth. Furthermore, Canada, Argentina, Mexico, and India also experience negative effects on growth when they decrease their wage share along with their trading partners. The results indicate that the global decline in labour share has had significant negative effects on growth.

Is Aggregate Demand Wage-led or Profit-led? A Global Model

There has been a significant decline in the wage share in both the developed and developing world which has coincided with the introduction of neoliberal policy reforms since the 1980s. The promise of these reforms was to stimulate private investment and exports, which was expected in turn to generate higher growth, more jobs and trickledown effects. The reasons for this fall have recently been the subject of a growing amount of literature that has tried to pin down the effects of technology, globalization, and changes in labour market institutions (see, inter alia, IMF, 2007; OECD, 2007; EC, 2007; ILO/IILS, 2011; Rodrik, 1997; Diwan, 2001; Harrison, 2002; Onaran, 2009; Rodriguez and Jayadev, 2010; Stockhammer, 2011). This chapter offers a theoretical and empirical assessment of the effects of this pro-capital redistribution of income on growth at both national and global levels.

Nearest common root of polynomials, approximate greatest common divisor and the structured singular value

In this paper the following problem is considered: given two coprime polynomials, find the smallest perturbation in the magnitude of their coefficients such that the perturbed polynomials have a common root. It is shown that the problem is equivalent to the calculation of the structured singular value of a matrix arising in robust control and a numerical solution to the problem is developed. A simple numerical example illustrates the effectiveness of the method for two polynomials of low degree. Finally, problems involving the calculation of the approximate greatest common divisor of univariate polynomials are considered, by proposing a generalization of the definition of the structured singular value involving additional rank constraints.