Gisele de Lorena Diniz Chaves

Reverse logistics network for municipal solid waste management: The inclusion of waste pickers as a Brazilian legal requirement.

This study proposes a reverse logistics network involved in the management of municipal solid waste (MSW) to solve the challenge of economically managing these wastes considering the recent legal requirements of the Brazilian Waste Management Policy. The feasibility of the allocation of MSW material recovery facilities (MRF) as intermediate points between the generators of these wastes and the options for reuse and disposal was evaluated, as well as the participation of associations and cooperatives of waste pickers. This network was mathematically modelled and validated through a scenario analysis of the municipality of São Mateus, which makes the location model more complete and applicable in practice. The mathematical model allows the determination of the number of facilities required for the reverse logistics network, their location, capacities, and product flows between these facilities. The fixed costs of installation and operation of the proposed MRF were balanced with the reduction of transport costs, allowing the inclusion of waste pickers to the reverse logistics network. The main contribution of this study lies in the proposition of a reverse logistics network for MSW simultaneously involving legal, environmental, economic and social criteria, which is a very complex goal. This study can guide practices in other countries that have realities similar to those in Brazil of accelerated urbanisation without adequate planning for solid waste management, added to the strong presence of waste pickers that, through the characteristic of social vulnerability, must be included in the system. In addition to the theoretical contribution to the reverse logistics network problem, this study aids in decision-making for public managers who have limited technical and administrative capacities for the management of solid wastes.

System dynamics applied to closed loop supply chains of desktops and laptops in Brazil: A perspective for social inclusion of waste pickers

The structure of reverse logistics for waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is essential to minimize the impacts of their improper disposal. In this context, the Brazilian Solid Waste Policy (BSWP) was a regulatory milestone in Brazil, submitting WEEE to the mandatory implementation of reverse logistics systems, involving the integration of waste pickers on the shared responsibility for the life cycle of products. This article aims to measure the impact of such legal incentives and the bargaining power obtained by the volume of collected waste on the effective formalization of waste pickers. The proposed model evaluates the sustainability of supply chains in terms of the use of raw materials due to disposal fees, collection, recycling and return of some materials from desktops and laptops using system dynamics methodology. The results show that even in the absence of bargaining power, the formalization of waste pickers occurs due to legal incentives. It is important to ensure the waste pickers cooperatives access to a minimum amount, which requires a level of protection against unfair competition with companies. Regarding the optimal level of environmental policies, even though the formalization time is long, it is still not enough to guarantee the formalization of waste picker cooperatives, which is dependent on their bargaining power. Steel is the material with the largest decrease in acquisition rate of raw material.

The challenges for solid waste management in accordance with Agenda 21: a Brazilian case review

This paper aims to evaluate the suitability of the Brazilian solid waste policy (BSWP) with global Agenda 21 and the challenges of implementing the BSWP in municipalities. For this, a review of the principles that guided the creation of this policy was performed to demonstrate that international pressures were important in determining its effectiveness. The contradictory relationship between the satisfactory legal framework that established the Brazilian waste management policy and its weakened implementation in the municipalities is also examined . To illustrate the difficulties faced at the local level, a case study involving municipalities that compose the state of Espírito Santowe was undertaken. In this state, the municipalities signed terms of environmental commitment with supervisory agencies who undertook, within a pre-established schedule, to implement a set of actions to shape the proper management of solid waste, adapted to the requirements of national policy and the guidelines of Agenda 21. Finally, the various difficulties in meeting the requirements are discussed. It is necessary and urgent that Brazil finds a way to coordinate the mechanisms of an innovative and well formulated legal instrument to ensure the successful implementation of solid waste management at the local level to achieve the environmental, economic and social objectives

Waste frying oil in the Municipal District of Kampfumo, Maputo city: a reverse logistics network

Abstract This paper proposes a reverse logistics network for the profitable reuse of waste frying oil (WFO) in Maputo, Mozambique, through a mathematical model supplied with scenarios. The results suggest the opening of 12 returns centres and one pre-treatment centre in all scenarios. The collected volume of WFO is the main factor influencing the variation in costs of scenarios, and the operating and transportation costs are the costs with the highest values in the proposed reverse logistics network.

A LEGISLAÇÃO EFETIVAMENTE ENVOLVEU OS CONSUMIDORES NO DESCARTE ADEQUADO DE PILHAS E BATERIAS

Tendo em vista os danos a saude e ao meio ambiente gerados pelo descarte incorreto de pilhas e baterias, as exigencias da Resolucao CONAMA N° 401/2008 e as criticas apontadas a esta norma legal, este artigo identifica o conhecimento dos consumidores de pilhas e baterias acerca da necessidade de um descarte ambientalmente correto e, se esse elo realmente realiza o seu papel na cadeia de distribuicao reversa, descartando tais produtos nos locais apropriados. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa de levantamento em tres capitais da regiao Sudeste do Brasil. Apesar da norma legal estar em vigor ha mais de quatro anos, os resultados evidenciam o escasso conhecimento dos consumidores de pilhas e baterias quanto ao descarte destes residuos de forma ambientalmente correta. Ha lacunas a serem preenchidas, principalmente quanto ao compartilhamento de informacao entre todos os elos deste canal.

DISPOSAL OF EXPIRED AND UNUSED MEDICATIONS: A CONSUMER BEHAVIOR SURVEY IN SÃO MATEUS/ES

Improper disposal of expired and unused medications in possession of the population causes severe impacts on the environment and public health. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the populations behavior in relation to the disposal of this waste. For this, a survey research was conducted in the municipality of Sao Mateus - ES, structured by a questionnaire to 400 people, to ensure a statistically significant sample. With the results and help of Action, statistical supplement of Excel, were performed statistical tests to verify the existence of relationship between the variables of interest search. It was found that 86.8% of consumers verify the validity of medicines, but 84% do not receive guidance on the correct disposal of expired medications and unused. Consequently, 81.3% of respondents perform the incorrect disposal of this waste. Statistical analyzes showed that consumers in the age group 46-55 years as well as respondents with 2nd degree or university degree, are those correctly discard expired medications and unused in greater proportion. The results point to the need for effectiveness in implementing the responsibilities set out in legislation and in its inspection and investment in continuous programs for environmental education.

PONTO DE RESSUPRIMENTO PARA MATERIAIS COM DEMANDA SAZONAL E ALEATÓRIA: O CASO DE UMA EMPRESA DE GRANDE PORTE

Os estoques sao importantes devido a sua funcao de equilibrar a diferenca entre a taxa de fornecimento e a demanda, alem de absorver parte significativa do orcamento de qualquer organizacao. Dentre os diversos tipos de estoques, o de itens MRO - Manutencao, Reparo e Operacoes - envolve materiais criticos, que podem ter alto custo de estoque, mas que sua ausencia impacta fortemente o desempenho financeiro da empresa, visto que pode ser essencial para determinado processo ou operacao, alem de possuir carater sazonal. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo e verificar a eficiencia das tecnicas de determinacao de pontos de ressuprimento de estoque para a reposicao de itens MRO por meio de um estudo de caso. A curva ABC e classificacao XYZ foram utilizadas para classificar os diferentes materiais em estoque para que os esforcos sejam direcionados aos itens mais significativos. Os resultados evidenciam que politicas de ressuprimento diferentes podem ser adotadas de acordo com as necessidades levantadas visando ganhos em excelencia operacional. Espera-se que este estudo possa dar suporte a tomada de decisao na gestao de estoque de itens MRO, considerando a complexidade e peculiaridade deste grupo de material.

Mesures d’évaluation de la performance de la différenciation retardée : études de cas dans les industries alimentaires

La différenciation retardée, qui consiste à repousser la configuration finale et/ou le déplacement de produits jusqu’à la réception de la commande du consommateur final est une stratégie qui a connu une montée en puissance ces dernières années. Ce travail se penche sur la manière dont la différenciation retardée est appliquée dans les entreprises de l’industrie alimentaire et sur les mesures de performance susceptibles d’être utilisées, ce afin d’évaluer les résultats de son application. A cette fin, six études de cas ont été menées dans des entreprises productrices de jus et de conserves de fruits. Outre les résultats obtenus, sont identifiées les mesures de performance utilisées dans l’évaluation de la différenciation retardée.