Gislane Ferreira de Melo

Ten years of HIV-AIDS epidemic in more than 60 years in Federal District - Brazil

INTRODUCTION The progressive increase in number of HIV/AIDS cases in old age brings the necessity of studies about the specificities of this phenomenon by region. OBJECTIVE To identify the epidemiology in AIDS cases diagnosed in Distrito Federal - Brasil, in individuals aged > 60 years old. METHODS We conducted a time serie study with secondary data from SINAN/AIDS for the period January 1999 to December 2009. RESULTS In this period, 4,258 new cases of AIDS were of whom 89 (2.0%) are elderly. Although a small percentage, the annual growth was continuous. The most frequent exposure category was heterosexual, the age group most affected was 60 and 69 years, with 71 (79.8%) cases; the proportion of cases man/woman has changed over the years, in 1999 was 1:1 and in 2006, 0,7:1. CONCLUSION The HIV/AIDS epidemic among the elderly can be seen stable on the Distrito Federal.

Interleukin-6 − 174G/C gene polymorphism affects muscle damage response to acute eccentric resistance exercise in elderly obese women

The IL-6 gene polymorphism has been associated with disease prevalence and different physiological responses to exercise. Eccentric resistance exercise (ERE) is considered a nonpharmacological tool to prevent the chronic degenerative profile associated with aging and obesity. Consequently, the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of IL-6 -174G/C polymorphism on acute interleukin-6 (IL-6) and creatine kinase (CK) temporal response to ERE in elderly obese women. Ninety women completed seven sets of ten repetitions (eccentric only) of an acute ERE session at 110% of the ten repetitions maximum (10RM). IL-6 genotypes displayed no difference at baseline. ERE induced changes in CK concentration over time occurred only in the GG group, F(2.619, 136.173)=5.199, p=0.003, with CK activity increased from 106.8±6.9 U/l pre-intervention to 122.7±11.2 U/l at 24 h and 131.9±14.4 U/l at 48 h post-exercise. IL-6 concentration in the GG group was lower than the CC/CG group only at 0 h post-exercise (3.78±0.58 pg/ml versus 6.51±1.91 pg/ml, p=0.030). Only the GG genotype group had higher CK activity 24-48 h following ERE and greater CK integral values, while IL-6 activity over 48 h was higher in the CC/CG genotype group. In conclusion, IL-6 genotype affects CK and IL-6 in response to ERE. It is of interest that the ERE protocol induced an elevation in CK, indicating possible muscle damage without exacerbating IL-6 and CK for the GG genotype.

Práticas de atendimento a DST nas farmácias do Distrito Federal, Brasil: um estudo de intervenção

A quantitative survey was conducted to analyze the type of assistance provided by pharmacy employees for cases of STDs. Simulated customer visits and interviews were conducted in 70 pharmacies in Brasilia and Taguatinga, Brazil, randomly assigned to two groups, one of which participated in educational activities on STDs. There were 411 simulated client visits to the pharmacies, with the following results: recommendation to seek medical care in 30% of cases, while in 70% of cases the pharmacy employees themselves recommended some drug treatment (although only 16.4% admitted to such practice). None of these suggested treatments was appropriate, based on the syndromic approach. Recommendations for prevention and treatment of partners were rare. Pharmacists recommended consulting a physician more frequently than attendants, and the latter recommended medicines more frequently than the former. Pharmacy workers had only superficial knowledge of STDs. After an educational intervention, none of the indicators showed a significant improvement in either group. The observations point to the need for regulation and intervention to publicize educational practices for the control of diseases like STDs and for the rational use of medicines in pharmacies.

Accuracy and reliability of the Pfeffer Questionnaire for the Brazilian elderly population

The aging population calls for instruments to assess functional and cognitive impairment in the elderly, aiming to prevent conditions that affect functional abilities. Objective To verify the accuracy and reliability of the Pfeffer (FAQ) scale for the Brazilian elderly population and to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of the translated version of the Pfeffer Questionnaire. Methods The Brazilian version of the FAQ was applied to 110 elderly divided into two groups. Both groups were assessed by two blinded investigators at baseline and again after 15 days. In order to verify the accuracy and reliability of the instrument, sensitivity and specificity measurements for the presence or absence of functional and cognitive decline were calculated for various cut-off points and the ROC curve. Intra and inter-examiner reliability were assessed using the Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots. Results For the occurrence of cognitive decline, the ROC curve yielded an area under the curve of 0.909 (95%CI of 0.845 to 0.972), sensitivity of 75.68% (95%CI of 93.52% to 100%) and specificity of 97.26%. For the occurrence of functional decline, the ROC curve yielded an area under the curve of 0.851 (95%CI of 64.52% to 87.33%) and specificity of 80.36% (95%CI of 69.95% to 90.76%). The ICC was excellent, with all values exceeding 0.75. On the Bland-Altman plot, intra-examiner agreement was good, with p>0.05consistently close to 0. A systematic difference was found for inter-examiner agreement. Conclusion The Pfeffer Questionnaire is applicable in the Brazilian elderly population and showed reliability and reproducibility compared to the original test.

Escala de qualidade de vida: análise estrutural de uma versão para idosas

This study sought to analyze the structure of the young adult version of the Quality of Life Scale--QOLS--proposed by Soares in a sample of elderly women, considering more robust psychometric properties. To achieve this Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were conducted using AMOS GRAFICS (version 18.0). The sample was comprised of 143 women aged 67.45 ± 3.87 years, from the Elderly Center at a private University in Brasilia, Federal District. Two models were assessed, namely one-factor and two-factor models. The results suggest that the best items to the Quality of Life Scale were found in the two-factor model (psychological and behavioral) presenting, specifically, the following items of quality adjustment: χ²/gl ratio = 1.05, GFI = 0.89, AGFI = 0.85, CFI = 0.99, RMSEA (90%IC) = 0.02, CAIC = 632.85 e ECVI = 2.56. It was concluded that the scale presents psychometric properties able to ensure internal structure and consistency in a sample of elderly women.

Avaliação da composição corporal e dos níveis de aptidão física de atletas de futsal classificados segundo a tipologia dos esquemas de gênero

INTRODUCAO: O autoconceito e uma estrutura formada por redes de esquemas cognitivos, dentre os quais se encontram os esquemas de genero (esquema masculino e esquema feminino). De acordo com o Modelo Interativo, todos os individuos possuem os dois esquemas de genero, dos quais resultam diferentes perfis psicologicos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar se atletas de futsal que diferem quanto a tipologia dos esquemas de genero apresentam diferencas na composicao corporal e nos niveis de aptidao fisica. METODOS: A amostra inicial foi composta por 92 atletas do sexo masculino, classificados em grupos tipologicos de esquemas de genero: Heteroesquematico Masculino (HM), Heteroesquematico Feminino (HF) e Isoesquematico (ISO). Para a classificacao da amostra em grupos tipologicos foi utilizado o Inventario Masculino dos Esquemas de Genero do Autoconceito (IMEGA). Foram utilizados os testes Squat Jump, Counter Movement Jump e Running Anaerobic Sprint Test; para mensurar, respectivamente, forca explosiva e potencia anaerobia. Para a analise dos resultados foram utilizadas ANOVA One Way, ANOVA Mista e MANOVA. RESULTADOS: Os resultados demonstraram que os grupos HM, ISO e HF nao apresentaram diferencas quanto a composicao corporal, mas que os HM apresentaram indice medio de fadiga maior do que os grupos ISO e HF. Na avaliacao dos seis tiros executados pelos atletas, observou-se que o grupo HM apresentou maior variacao entre a potencia maxima inicial e a final, quando comparado aos demais grupos. CONCLUSAO: Os resultados permitem concluir que os diferentes perfis psicologicos adequam-se melhor ao desempenho de determinadas posicoes do jogo e/ou a determinadas situacoes especificas durante o jogo

Elaboration and Validation of the Athletes Idiocentric and Allocentric Profile Inventory (I-A Profile)

The athletes psychological profile is one of the most studied areas in sport psychology, but there is no consensus in this area. The purpose of this study was to elaborate and validate a scale to measure and classify athletes into a Idiocentric-Alocentric profile. The method was split in two phases: a) Items elaboration and theoretical model and b) Validation. Qualitative analyses were performed during the first phase and factorial analysis and Cronbachs Alpha were used to validate the instrument. The final instrument was composed by 27 items and the factorial structure showed three factors for Idiocentrism (Self-Realization & Competitiveness, Hedonism, Team Emotional Distance and a second order factor - Idiocentrism Level) and one factor for the Alocentrism (Alocentrism Level). It was concluded that the pattern and consistency of the results indicate that this inventory could be used as a reliable research tool in Brazilian sports context.

Psychological profiles of gender and personality traces of Brazilian professional athletes of futsal, and their influence on physiological parameters.

The present study aimed to identify the psychological profiles of professional futsal players in terms of the gender schema and to evaluate the physiological parameters (speed, acceleration, strength, and power) and fatigue index of these athletes according to their gender profiles and relative to their positions on the court. The Masculine Inventory of the Self-concept Gender Schemas was used to classify the sample into typological groups, and the Running Anaerobic Sprint Test was used to measure the physiological parameters (speed, acceleration, strength, and power) and the fatigue index. The study sample was composed of 64 male professional futsal players who competed in the National Indoor Soccer league in 2013; the subjects had an average weight of 76.00±6.7 kg. Among the athletes studied, 23 (35.9%) were classified as heteroschematic female, 22 (34.4%) as heteroschematic male, and 19 (29.7%) as isoschematic. Regarding their positions on the court, eleven were goalkeepers (17.2%), 13 (20.3%) were defenders, 28 (43.8%) were midfielders, and 12 (18.8%) were attackers. The players had similar weights even when belonging to different typological groups and having different positions in the court. However, it is worth noting that male heteroschematic players had a greater mean weight (77.11±5.93 kg) and that the goalkeeper was, on average, the heaviest player (79.36±8.14 kg). The results of the physiological parameter analysis relative to typological group showed that, on average, high-level soccer players presented similar performance profiles in different rounds, as statistically significant differences were not found in any of the studied physiological variables (weight, distance, speed, acceleration, strength, power, and fatigue index). Although the results of this research did not reveal statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of the assessed variables, we observed that some results related to personality traits associated with both the male and female components could help to clarify and establish relationships with some strategic aspects inherent to futsal.

A influência da composição corporal na força de homens idosos brasileiros

INTRODUCCION: La poblacion de ancianos representa el 10% de la poblacion total de brasilenos. La disminucion de la musculatura esqueletica es probablemente el cambio mas significativo, asociado al envejecimiento y a algunas enfermedades, y es determinante en la perdida de la fuerza muscular. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la relacion de la composicion corporal sobre la fuerza de agarre de los hombres ancianos brasilenos. METODO: 46 hombres de edad igual o superior a 60 anos, fueron divididos en 4 grupos segun el porcentaje de grasa y el valor de masa magra. Las medianas se establecieron a G = 28,65% y la masa magra = 54,35 kg. Para las evaluaciones se utilizo el testeo de bioimpedancia electrica y dinamometro de fuerza de agarre. RESULTADOS: Se observan diferencias significativas entre los 4 grupos cuanto a la masa magra y percentil de masa gorda (p≥0,05) caracterizando las especificidades de cada grupo en cuanto a las variables analizadas. CONCLUSION: Los resultados demuestran que los niveles de fuerza de agarre no dependen unicamente de la masa corporal magra, sino que tambien %G, en que la correlacion entre la masa magra y el porcentual de grasa pueden indicar una mejor o peor condicion para realizar el esfuerzo isometrico de fuerza de agarre.

Albuminemia e terapia medicamentosa no prognóstico de idosos hospitalizados

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum albumin levels, drugs used, length of hospitalization and number of diseases with the prognosis of hospitalized elderly. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out using a review of medical charts. Variables collected were disease motivating admission, albumin, drugs used and their affinity for albumin and length of stay in an elderly population of a Brazilian public hospital. We used multiple regression to assess whether age, length of stay, medication with or without affinity to albumin and number of drugs motivating admission were causes of death. The relation between dependent and independent variables was analyzed by two-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 277 elderly, 151 with hypoalbuminemia and those using an average of 6.6 ± 3.80 different prescription drugs most of which had affinity for albumin (4.96 ± 2.64). Results showed that the number of drugs with affinity for albumin and hospital stay were predictors of death (r = 0.47, R2 = 0.224), (F(8.170) = 6.13; p=0.001). The relation between dependent and independent variables resulted in the mathematical equation: (death= 0.545 - 0.374 (albumin) - 0.195 (days of hospitalization) + 0.175 (number of drugs with affinity for albumin)). CONCLUSION: The mathematical equation obtained by this study demonstrated that albumin and days of hospitalization were inversely correlated with death and directly correlated with the number of drugs bound to albumin.