Glauber Lopes Mariano

The first ALINE measurements and intercomparison exercise on lidar inversion algorithms

The first coordinated effort to perform simultaneous lidar measurements in Latin America was carried out as a pilot campaign between 10 and 14 September 2012. Four lidar stations contributed to the campaign measurements: Manaus, Sao Paulo, Concepcion and Buenos Aires. Data from all four contributing stations were manually screened and a 1-h average cloud-free profile was selected from each one. These four elastic profiles were analyzed by four of the groups using their own elastic lidar algorithm. Here, the results for the particle backscatter coefficient are compared and discussed. We show that after five stages, the results have an agreement better than the typical uncertainty in the retrieval. Systematic errors found in different algorithms during the five stages of the exercise emphasize the need for analysis, measurements and data quality protocols. Difficulties involved in the coordination of the campaign and in the collaborative analysis are also highlighted.

BEHAVIOR OF NITROGEN DIOXIDE ON THE NORTHEAST REGION OF BRAZIL AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES

The emission of pollutants has become one of the subjects most debated in the last years, due to the increase of fixed emitting sources like industries and movable like the motor vehicles. In the Northeast of Brazil, the high concentrations of pollutants occur mainly in large urban centers, where one of these pollutants is emitted nitrogen dioxide, which is a highly polluting gas. Once observed high concentrations of this pollutant in the atmosphere can cause effects on human health and also influence the formation of acid rain. Thus the objective of this work was to investigate and quantify the total column of nitrogen dioxide gas over the northeastern region of Brazil based on data from the OMI sensor (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) between 2005 and 2015, through statistical techniques for analysis graphic and spatial. Significant variations of the pollutant were identified in the study area, highlighting Salvador, Teresina and Fortaleza, where they showed significant correlation results with meteorological variables. The results showed that Salvador had concentrations of up to 3.5 E+15 (1/m²) in the total NO2 column, while Teresina and Fortaleza had a maximum of 3.0 E+15 (1/m²) and 2,6 E+15 (1/m²), respectively. Therefore, the variations were different in the cities.

Extremos na Concentração de Dióxido de Enxofre na Camada Limite Planetária no Sul da América do Sul - Comparação Entre Megacidades

In this study the value of the sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) total column was assessed, to some of the major metropolitan areas of southern South America (Porto Alegre, Montevideo, Buenos Aires), using data from the sensor OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) for the period 2005-2012. Their annual and monthly variations were investigated using the 99% percentile (P99) for the maximum daily values of the SO 2 total column in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Among the regions analyzed, Montevideo had the highest value of P99 reaching 4,90 DU, being the region more contaminated by SO 2 of southern South America. The histograms indicate that the highest frequencies for the three regions analyzed are given in the first four classes of intervals. It was observed increasing values of trend line in the dispersion of the data for the three regions for the same period analyzed.

Identification of entrance of burning plumes and main affected areas in southern Brazil

Southern Brazil is influenced by incoming biomass burning plumes from Northern and Midwest of Brazil. The aim of this work is to identify incoming biomass burning aerosol plumes in southern Brazil as well as the periods with the higher values of Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) and the areas more affected by attenuator aerosols in Southern Brazil. The MODIS (MODerate- Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) sensor data onboard of AQUA satellite, in the 0,55μm wavelength for AOT and from 0,47 to 0,66μm for Angstrom Exponent (AE),

ANÁLISE DOS DOIS PRINCIPAIS FATORES DE DECAIMENTO DA COLUNA TOTAL DE OZÔNIO SOBRE O SUL DA AMÉRICA DO SUL

Ozone (O3) is less than 1% of Earth’s atmospheric gases. However, it is essential for life on Earth because it absorbs ultraviolet radiation (UV-B), which is bad for the health of living beings. Since the beginning of 1980 it was reported that there was depletion in the ozone layer over Antarctica and that this could move to lower latitudes. The main objective of this work is the analysis of the main events of total ozone decay over southern South America (20°S, 40°S and 30°W, 80°W) for the period between 2004 and 2011 through comparison with the monthly average of six locations. When comparing the months of May and October for the year 2010 (two major consequent days under the threshold), values of ozone total column much lower than October were found, because of the Brewer-Dobson circulation that mixes the air poor in ozone in the tropical region with the air in the Antarctic region, where the ozone hole was found during the months of winter and spring.

VERANICOS AT RIO GRANDE DO SUL – NEW METHODOLOGY FOR QUANTIFICATION OF EVENTS

Despite the region where Rio Grande do Sul is located having well defined seasons, during winter the region may show, for some days, anomalous pattern related to the values of temperature (daily maximum and minimum) and precipitation (drought), being known as periods of veranico, portuguese word meaning “little summer”. This study shows a new methodology approaching climatological values to describe thresholds for determination of veranicos at each location and, thus, removing local or topographic influences. Data of 11 meteorological stations operated by INMET were used for the period from 1961-2011 to determine the thresholds and identify the veranicos. It can be seen that the veranicos present their maximum towards west-northwest of the state with a minimum at the seaside region and extreme north of the state. At the synoptic study of the veranico occurrence, it can be seen a classic pattern of atmospheric blocking acting over the region and contributing to the occurrence of the veranico.

OBTENÇÃO DA ALTURA DA CAMADA LIMITE PLANETÁRIA A PARTIR DO MÉTODO DAS IMAGENS

Este trabalho aborda a identificacao da altura da CLP a partir de uma nova tecnica intitulada Metodo das Imagens. Tal metodo foi empregado a partir de dados do sistema LIDAR, obtidos na campanha do projeto CHUVA-SUL e validado a partir de dados de radiossondagem.