Glen Capper

Novel solvent properties of choline chloride/urea mixturesElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: spectroscopic data. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b2/b210714g/

Eutectic mixtures of urea and a range of quaternary ammonium salts are liquid at ambient temperatures and have interesting solvent properties.

Preparation of novel, moisture-stable, Lewis-acidic ionic liquids containing quaternary ammonium salts with functional side chains

A range of novel, moisture-stable, Lewis-acidic ionic liquids has been prepared by mixing appropriate molar ratios of MCl2 (M = Zn and/or Sn) and quaternary ammonium salts of formula [Me3NC2H4Y]Cl (Y = OH, Cl, OC(O)Me, OC(O)Ph); the influence of substituent Y and metal M on the physical properties of the melts has been investigated.

Electropolishing of stainless steel in an ionic liquid

Abstract Efficient electropolishing of stainless steel is demonstrated in an ionic liquid produced from ethylene glycol and choline chloride (HOC2H4N(CH3)3+Cl–). It is shown that the metal dissolves without prior passivation and no gassing is observed at the anode surface. No dealloying of the substrate is observed and no changes in the polish quality are observed as the ionic liquid ages.

Electrodeposition of chromium black from ionic liquids

SUMMARY The efficient electrodeposition of chromium from an ionic liquid formed between choline chloride and CrClr6H20 is demonstrated. The addition of lithium chloride is found to allow the deposition of black chromium films that afford excellent corrosion resistance. The deposits formed are crack-free and made up of nanocrystalline material.

Novel ambient temperature ionic liquids for zinc and zinc alloy electrodeposition

SUMMARY This work shows that novel ambient temperature ionic liquids can be produced from substituted quaternary ammonium salts and some metal salts. The ionic liquids are sufficiently conducting to allow electrochemical investigations to be carried out. Data on the electrochemical reduction of the metal ions is presented together with information on the deposit morphology of Zn, and Zn/Sn and Zn/Co alloys. The low cost and low toxicity of the ionic liquids makes possible their use for large-scale metal finishing applications.

Solvation of inorganic complexes in octanol-water, hexanol-water, and related microemulsions

Abstract Solubilities of tris(ethylmaltolato)iron(III) have been determined in dry 1-octanol, 1-hexanol and isobutanol and in the limited ranges of alcohol-water binary mixtures accessible for these alcohols. The observed pattern is discussed in terms of particularly favourable synergic solvation in the mixed solvents and is compared with solvation patterns indicated by the solvatochromic iron(II) complex Fe(CN) 2 (bipy) 2 .

Synthesis and reactivity of areneruthenium pyranone and pyridinone complexes

The complexes [Ru(mes)Cl(L)](mes = 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene; HL = a pyranone or a pyridinone) have been synthesised and characterised. Reaction of [Ru(mes)Cl(L)](HL = 2-ethyl-3-hydroxypyran-4-one) with CO in the presence of AgBF4 gave [Ru(mes)L(CO)][BF4]. This carbonyl complex reacts with nucleophiles to give substitution products [Ru(mes)L(L′)][BF4](L′= H2O or H2NCH2Ph). One of the initial complexes, [Ru(mes)Cl(L)](HL = 2-methyl-3-hydroxypyran-4-one) and the carbonyl complex have been characterised by X-ray diffraction.

Complexes of Rh(C5Me5) with picolinic acid, pyrones and pyridinones

Picolinic acid (pyridine-2-carboxylic acid), pyrones and pyridinones (HL) reacted with [{Rh(C5Me5)Cl2}2] and sodium methoxide to give complexes [Rh(C5Me5)Cl(L)] which are all soluble in water. The structures where HL = picolinic acid or 2-methylpyran-4-one have been determined by X-ray diffraction. The aquation of the complexes when dissolved in water has been examined by NMR spectroscopy and conductivity measurements and the results indicate an equilibrium between chloro and aqua species which is fast on the NMR time-scale.