Golge Acaroglu

Congenital Color Blindness in Young Turkish Men

We investigated a healthy population of men from different regions of Turkey for the presence of congenital red-green color blindness. Using Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates, 941 healthy men from the Turkish army were tested for congenital red-green color blindness. The prevalence of red-green color blindness was 7.33 ± 0.98% (5.10% protans and 2.23% deutans). These ratios were higher than other reported samples from Mediterranean Europe. Higher percentages of color blindness were found in regions with a lower education level and more consanguineous marriages.

Is there a correlation between diabetes mellitus and central corneal thickness

PurposeTo evaluate the association of central corneal thickness (CCT) with diabetes mellitus and compare it with age and sex-matched healthy controls. Materials and MethodsThis study included 245 eyes of 245 subjects (one eye per subject). One hundred diabetic patients constituted the study group and 145 were healthy controls. The study group was subdivided into 3 subgroups: subgroup 1 (no diabetic retinopathy), subgroup 2 (nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy), and subgroup 3 (proliferative diabetic retinopathy). CCT was determined with ultrasonic pachymeter. None of the patients had glaucoma, retinal laser treatment, and history of ocular surgery. Statistical analyses were performed by analysis of variance and Kruskall-Wallis tests. Correlation analysis was performed to assess the association between disease duration and glycosylated hemoglobin levels among subgroups. ResultsDemographic characteristics of study and control groups were similar (P>0.05). The mean CCT was significantly greater in study group (564±30 &mgr;m) compared with control group (538±35 &mgr;m) (P=0.001). In addition, mean CCT was found to be greater in subgroup 3 (582±23 &mgr;m) compared with subgroups 1 (565±32 &mgr;m) and 2 (558±31 &mgr;m); but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P=0.056). Also, there was no significant correlation in respect to the level of glycosylated hemoglobin and disease duration among the subgroups. ConclusionsWe found that the central cornea of diabetic patients is thicker when compared with nondiabetic patients. Thicker central cornea associated with diabetes mellitus should be taken into consideration while obtaining accurate intraocular pressure measurements in diabetics.

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Purpose: To compare the symptoms, signs, and results of objective tests for keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and controls. Methods: Sixty-four patients with JRA and 64 age- and sex-matched controls were compared in terms of symptoms, signs, and results of objective tests for KCS. Relation between tear film breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer test results, and JRA-related variables such as age of onset, duration, and type of JRA; presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs); and history of uveitis were evaluated. Analysis of variance, multivariate regression analysis, Kruskall-Wallis, Student t tests, and χ2 tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Twelve and a half percent of patients with JRA complained of dry eye symptoms compared with 1.5% of the controls (P = 0.031). Dry eye signs were detected in 10.9% of patients with JRA compared with 1.5% of controls (P = 0.038). TBUT and Schirmer test results were lower in the JRA group than in controls (P = 0.032 and P = 0.029, respectively). Seven patients (10.9%) had definite and 1 (1.5%) had probable diagnosis of KCS in the JRA group compared with no children in the control group (P = 0.034). Within the JRA group, Schirmer test and TBUT results were significantly lower in male patients and ones with longer duration of disease. Conclusions: The prevalence of symptoms, signs, and definite diagnosis of KCS is higher and basal tear secretion and tear film stability are lower in children with JRA than in controls. Among children with JRA, male sex and longer duration of disease are independent risk factors for having decreased basal tear secretion and tear film stability.

Refractive errors in neurofibromatosis type 1 and type 2

Objective: To document the prevalence of refractive errors in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and type 2 (NF2) and to compare it with that of age- and sex-matched controls. Methods: 82 patients with NF1, 21 patients with NF2 and 103 age- and sex-matched controls were evaluated in this prospective observational case–control study. Cycloplegic autorefraction and dilated fundus examination were performed. Myopia was defined as the spherical equivalent refraction of at least −0.50 diopters (D), hyperopia as the spherical equivalent refraction of at least 2.0 D and astigmatism as the cylinder of at least 1.0 D. Main outcome measures were refractive error, IQ, years of education, height, weight and body mass index (BMI). Results: The prevalence of myopia was 23.1% in patients with NF1, 23.8% in patients with NF2 and 16.5% in age- and sex-matched controls. These differences were significant (p<0.03, p<0.03), and adjusting for intelligence, education, height, weight and BMI increased the significance of this finding (p<0.001, p<0.001). The prevalences of astigmatism and hyperopia were similar in both groups. Conclusion: A high prevalence of myopia seems to be an additional feature of NF1 and NF2.

Analysis of Changes in Corneal Shape and Bulbus Geometry after Retinal Detachment Surgery

Purpose: To investigate changes in corneal shape and anteriorsegment following retinal detachment surgery. Material and methods: 25 consecutive patients with retinal detachment were enrolled in thisstudy. Computer-assisted videokeratography was performed before andafter retinal detachment surgery and changes in the anterior segmentsof postoperative patients were also noted. Results: In the localbuckling group, statistically significant changes were observed in theanterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and vitreous length (distance fromposterior surface of lens to the retina) in the postoperative period. However,in the encircling group, statistically meaningful changes were observed inthe vitreous length, axial length of the globe, and the central corneal curvatureand thickness in the postoperative period. Conclusion: Corneal topographyand axial measurements may be useful for evaluating the shape of the corneaafter retinal detachment surgery. Because the resultant refractive changes arevery important for the visual rehabilitation of the patients.

Retinopathy in Patients with Diabetic Ophthalmoplegia

Purpose: To compare patients with palsy of the 3rd, 4th or 6th cranial nerve due to diabetes mellitus (DM) with controls matched for age, sex and disease duration in terms of the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Patients and Method: Thirty-three diabetic patients with cranial nerve palsies and 33 age- and sex-matched controls with the same duration of disease were included in this case-control study. Groups were evaluated in terms of the type of DM, presence and level of diabetic retinopathy and coexisting systemic diseases. Outcomes were compared by χ2 and paired-sample tests. Results: Eleven patients had diabetic retinopathy in the study group. In the control group, 23 patients had diabetic retinopathy. Differences in the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy between the two groups were found to be statistically significant (p = 0.028 and p = 0.018, respectively). Conclusion: Presence and level of diabetic retinopathy are significantly lower in diabetics with cranial nerve palsy than in the age-, sex- and disease-duration-matched controls.

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Ethmoid Presenting with Proptosis and Epiphora

An aneurysmal bone cyst of ethmoid is a rare and distinct clinicopathologic entity. The diagnosis is important in this localization because it requires multidisciplinary approach in its management. We report a case of a 14-year-old woman presenting to our clinic with the complaint of epiphora and proptosis in the right eye, which were the symptomatic findings of aneurysmal bone cyst of ethmoid.

Lead poisoning: Report of a case

Lead is found widely around the worlds surface and is a material used in many products. Chronic exposure to lead is causing significant health problems around the world. Many ocular manifestations of lead poisoning have been reported so far. In this report, we present a case with ocular symptoms and signs of chronic exposure to lead.

Idiopathic episcleral venous engorgement

Department of Retina and Departmentof Glaucoma, Ministry of Health,Ulucanlar Eye Hospital, Ankara, TurkeyE-mail: yasemin_oz@yahoo.comSubmitted: 15 June 2009Revised: 3 August 2009Accepted for publication: 1 September2009Enlarged and engorged external bloodvessels can cause considerable diagnosticdifficulty. We report a case where anextensive investigation was needed toexclude significant conditions, ultimatelyleading to a diagnosis of an unusual sec-ondary glaucoma.

Sildenafil Associated Pupil-Sparing Third Nerve Palsy

Purpose: We present, to our knowledge, the second case report of pupil-sparing third nerve palsy following the use of sildenafil citrate in a man with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Case: A 44-year-old man with IDDM for 25 years developed a pupil-sparing third nerve palsy within 12 hours after 50 mg of sildenafil intake. During this attack, HBA1c levels were elevated. Third nerve palsy recovered completely in 10 weeks following blood glucose level regulation. Conclusion: Sildenafil citrate may provoke pupil-sparing third nerve palsy in patients with systemic vascular diseases.