Gong Shusheng

Effect of hypertension on hearing function, LDH and ChE of the cochlea in older rats

SummaryThe relationship between the hypertension and the aging process of hearing organ was investigated. Twenty Wistar 3-month old rats and 20 Wistar 12-month old rats, 20 spontaneously hypertensive rat stroke-prone (SHRSP) 3-month old rats and 20 SHRSP 12-month old rats free of middle ear infections as observed under otomicroscopy, with normal tympanic membrane and auricle reflex, were selected to be divided into two experimental groups and two control groups respectively. The tail artery blood pressure was measured non-invasively. The threshold of auditory brain-stem response (ABR) was measured by Spirit™ evoked potential meter. The LDH and ChE staining in the inner ear was performed and the optical density was analyzed by the HPIAS analysis system. The results showed that there was no difference in the ABR thresholds, the activities of LDH and ChE between Wistar 3-month old group and SHRSP 3-month old group (P>0.05). The mean value of ABR threshold and the activities of LDH and ChE in the Wistar 12-month old group at relevant sections were significantly greater than those in the two 3-month old groups (P<0.05), whereas the mean value of ABR threshold and the activities of LDH and ChE in the SHRSP 12-month old group at relevant sections were significantly higher than those in the 3-month old control group (P<0.01). It was concluded that presbycusis existed in the Wistar 12-month old group rats. The glycogenosis and the abnormal secretion of neural transmitter were discerned after hypertension. All the above factors may worsen the aging of the hearing system.

A Retrospective Study on Cholesteatoma Otitis Media Coexisting with Cholesterol Granuloma

SummaryTo investigate the etiology and pathogenesis of cholesteatoma otitis media accompanied by cholesterol granuloma and the relationship between cholesteatoma and cholesterol granuloma, 63 cases of middle ear cholesterol granuloma treated in our hospital during the period from March 1988 to May 2000 were retrospectively reviewed. All cases were surgically and pathologically verified. 15 cases of cholesteatoma coexisting with cholesterol granuloma were found among the 63 patients. All 15 cases had a long-term history of otitis media, such as otorrhea (sanguine purulent otorrhea and bloody otorrhea in 8 cases) and perforation of the eardrum (perforation of pars flaccida in 8 cases). Temporal bone CT scans showed cholesteatoma in 11 cases. All patients were treated surgically, and cholesteatoma and cholesterol granuloma were found coexisting alternately, the latter lying mainly in the tympanic antrum, attic and mastoid air cells. Chocolate-colored mucus was accumulated in well-developed mastoid air cells, and glistening dotty cholesterol crystals were also found. In most cases, enlarged aditus, destruction of lateral attic wall, erosion of ossicular chain, exposure of horizontal segment of facial nerve and tegmen of attic were observed. Occlusion of Eustachian tube was noted in 6 cases, and occulusion of tympanic isthmus was revealed in all cases. A post-operative dry ear was achieved in all patients, and hearing improvement was achieved in all 12 cases following tympanoplasty. Cholesteatoma and cholesterol granuloma in middle ear may share a common pathophysiological etiology: occlusion of ventilation and disturbance of drainage. The diagnosis should be considered when patients presented with chronic otitis media with bloody otorrhea. CT and magnetic resonance imaging are useful for the diagnosis before operation. The surgical approach depends on the location, extension and severity of the lesion, The purpose of surgery is to remove the lesion and create an adequate drainage.

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase-2 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and its significance.

In order to study the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and its significance, the expression of VEGF mRNA and COX-2 mRNA in 62 cases of LSCC and 54 adjacent noncancerous laryngeal tissues and 9 normal human laryngeal mucous tissues was detected by using techniques of semi-quantitative RT-PCR. It was found that the expression level of VEGF and COX-2 mRNA was significantly increased in LSCC as compared with that in the normal human laryngeal mucous tissues (both P < 0.01), and the expression level of VEGF and COX-2 mRNA were significantly increased in stage Ill + IV tissues of LSCC as compared with the stage I + II tissues of LSCC (P < 0.01). There was a high positive correlation between VEGF and COX-2 expression in LSCC (r = 0.756, P < 0.01). These data raise the possibility that VEGF and COX-2 may play key roles in the growth, invasion and metastasis of LSCC.SummaryIn order to study the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and its significance, the expression of VEGF mRNA and COX-2 mRNA in 62 cases of LSCC and 54 adjacent noncancerous laryngeal tissues and 9 normal human laryngeal mucous tissues was detected by using techniques of semi-quantitative RT-PCR. It was found that the expression level of VEGF and COX-2 mRNA was significantly increased in LSCC as compared with that in the normal human laryngeal mucous tissues (bothP<0.01), and the expression level of VEGF and COX-2 mRNA were significantly increased in stage III+IV tissues of LSCC as compared with the stage I+II tissues of LSCC (P<0.01). There was a high positive correlation between VEGF and COX-2 expression in LSCC (r=0.756,P<0.01). These data raise the possibility that VEGF and COX-2 may play key roles in the growth, invasion and metastasis of LSCC.

Relationship between the expression of CD44v6 and development, progress, invasion and metastasis of laryngeal carcinoma

SummaryThe expression of CD44v6 and its relationship with the development, progress, invasion and metastasis of laryngeal carcinoma was investigated. The expression and content of CD44v6 mRNA in tissuess were detected by both RT-PCR and FCM which were respectively extracted from normal laryngeal mucosa, leukoplakia of larynx, laryngeal papilloma, polyp of vocal cord, tissues of laryngeal carcinoma, metastatic and nonmetastatic lymph nodes of neck, and tissues close to carcinoma. the outcome of RT-PCR indicated that the expression rate of CD44v6 mRNA involved in tissues of laryngeal carcinoma and metastatic lymph nodes of neck was the highest (90%–100%) compared with that of leukoplakia of larynx, laryngeal papilloma, tissues close to carcinoma by 0.5 cm (55.56%–60.00%) and that of normal laryngeal mucosa, polyp of vocal cord, nonmetastatic lymph nodes and tissues close to carcinoma by 1.0 cm was the lowest (13.33%–20%). The result from FCM was highly consistent with that from RT-PCR. It was suggested that CD44v6 was closely related with the development, progress, invasion and metastasis of laryngeal carcinoma. The outcome from the tissues close to carcinoma by different distance could do help to the determination of incisal edge in surgery abstractly.

The expression of VIP and SP in the cochlea of spontaneously hypertensive rats and its implication.

To investigate the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) in the cochlea of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), and to assess the function of VIP and SP in the cochlea following the damage of hypertension, hearing thresholds of ABR were observed and the fixative (4% paraformaldehyde) was pumped through the circulatory system. Adult Wistar rats (3 months, n=20) served as the control group and SHRs (3 months, n=20) as the hypertension group. Bullas were taken out and cochleas were irrigated in vitro with the same fixative. The number of base turns spiral ganglions in the sections was counted. The expression of VIP and SP were detected by SABC method and the images of the sections were analyzed. The number of base turns spiral ganglsons in the hypertension group was significantly less than in the normal group (P<0.01). VIP and SP were expressed in the spiral ganglion cytoplasma and stria vascularis of the two groups. There were no significant difference in the expression of VIP and SP in spiral ganglion cytoplasma (P>0.05) between the two groups. However, in stria vascularis the expression of VIP in the hypertension group was higher than in the normal group (P<0.05), and no significant difference in SP was found between the two groups. It was suggested that VIP not only contributed to the regulation of the cochlea microcirculation, but also made the neurotransmitter in the pathway of the auditory system. However, SP made only the neurotransmitter in the pathway of the auditory system.SummaryTo investigate the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) in the cochlea of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), and to assess the function of VIP and SP in the cochlea following the damage of hypertension, hearing thresholds of ABR were observed and the fixative (4% paraformaldehyde) was pumped through the circulatory system. Adult Wistar rats (3 months,n=20) served as the control group and SHRs (3 months,n=20) as the hypertension group. Bullas were taken out and cochleas were irrigatedin vitro with the same fixative. The number of base turns spiral ganglions in the sections was counted. The expression of VIP and SP were detected by SABC method and the images of the sections were analyzed. The number of base turns spiral ganglsons in the hypertension group was significantly less than in the normal group (P<0.01). VIP and SP were expressed in the spiral ganglion cytoplasma and stria vascularis of the two groups. There were no significant difference in the expression of VIP and SP in spiral ganglion cytoplasma (P>0.05) between the two groups. However, in stria vascularis the expression of VIP in the hypertension group was higher than in the normal group (P<0.05), and no significant difference in SP was found between the two groups. It was suggested that VIP not only contributed to the regulation of the cochlea microcirculation, but also made the neurotransmitter in the pathway of the auditory system. However, SP made only the neurotransmitter in the pathway of the auditory system.

Inhibitory effects of Celecoxib and Sc-58125 on proliferation of human carcinoma of larynx Hep-2 in vitro.

SummaryThe inhibitory effects of two kinds of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors on the proliferation of human carcinoma of larynx Hep-2in vitro and their corresponding mechanisms were investigated. Hep-2 cells were cultured with two kinds of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (Sc-58125 and Celecoxib) at various concentration for 24 h. Morphological changes were observed under the phase microscopy and the growth suppression was detected by using MTT colorimetric assay. Apoptotic DNA fragments were observed by agarose gel electrophoresis and the cell cycle and apoptotic rate were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) respectively. Hep-2 cells became rounded and detached from the culture dish after being treated with Celecoxib for 24 h, however, they remained morphologically unchanged with Sc-58125. Sc-58125 could increase G2 phase cells, whereas, Clecoxib rose G1 phase cells. Both of the two effects were dose-dependent. Moreover, the Hep-2 cells cultured with 50μmol/L and 100μmol/L Celecoxib showed obvious apoptosis, with the nuclear DNA of cells exhibiting characteristic DNA ladder. So Sc-58125 could inhibit the proliferation of Hep-2 cells by altering the G2 phase cells. However, Celecoxib had the same effect by changing the G1 phase cells and inducing apoptosis at higher concentration.

Partial horizontal laryngectomy and epiglottiplasty

In order to evaluate the availability of the lateral horizontal laryngectomy and anaplasty of epiglottis to treat some patients with specific supraglottic carcinomas and hypopharyngeal carcinomas, 17 cases of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas were retrospectively analyzed, whose tumors were located at the lateral margin of epiglottis, aryepiglottic fold, medial wall of piriform fossa and were treated by the lateral horizontal laryngectomy and anaplasty of epiglottis. The results showed that all cases took food by mouth in postoperative 9-14 days and subjected to decannulation in postoperative 9-15 days. Three cases had postoperative hoarse voice. The free-disease survival rate of 3 years was 71.4% in 14 cases followed up after the first surgical therapy, and the overall free-disease survival rate of 3 years was 85.7% after the second surgical therapy. It was concluded that the manipulations of the lateral horizontal laryngectomy and epiglottiplasty were simple. It could alleviate the postoperative symptoms of aspiration and bucking remarkably and shorten their postoperative recovery time, yet does not lower the survival rate of patients if laryngocarcinoma or hypopharyngeal carcinoma cases were properly selected.SummaryIn order to evaluate the availability of the lateral horizontal laryngectomy and anaplasty of epiglottis to treat some patients with specific supraglottic carcinomas and hypopharyngeal carcinomas, 17 cases of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas were retrospectively analyzed, whose tumors were located at the lateral margin of epiglottis, aryepiglottic fold, medial wall of piriform fossa and were treated by the lateral horizontal laryngectomy and anaplasty of epiglottis. The results showed that all cases took food by mouth in postoperative 9–14 days and subjected to decannulation in postoperative 9–15 days. Three cases had postoperative hoarse voice. The free-disease survival rate of 3 years was 71.4% in 14 cases followed up after the first surgical therapy, and the overall free-disease survival rate of 3 years was 85.7% after the second surgical therapy. It was concluded that the manipulations of the lateral horizontal laryngectomy and epiglottiplasty were simple. It could alleviate the postoperative symptoms of aspiration and bucking remarkably and shorten their postoperative recovery time, yet does not lower the survival rate of patients if laryngocarcinoma or hypopharyngeal carcinoma cases were properly selected.