Gopal Gupta

Significance of p53 and ki-67 expression in prostate cancer

Background: Prostate cancer is a major health problem throughout the developed world. Tumor grade is one of the most important prognostic factors of prostate cancer. At present, adequate prognostic markers for prostate cancer progression are still lacking, in spite of intensive investigation. Accordingly, we studied the role of immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of p53 and Ki-67 as a prognostic factor in carcinoma prostate and correlated their expression with Gleasons grade. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 60 cases including 50 cases of prostate carcinoma and 10 of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were taken. Tumor grade was determined according to Gleasons grading system. p53 and Ki-67 expressions were determined by IHC staining. The obtained results were analyzed and evaluated using Spearmans statistical test (SPSS version 20). Results: In BPH, p53 was expressed in only 2 of 10 (20%) cases while in carcinoma it was expressed in 38 of 50 (76%) cases. Ki-67 was expressed in only 1 of 10 (10%) BPH cases while in carcinoma it was expressed in 32 of 50 (64%) cases. In present study, 1 of 4 (25%) well differentiated, 23 of 31 (74.19%) moderately differentiated and 14 of 15 (93.33%) poorly differentiated tumors revealed p53 immunopositivity and a statistically significant correlation was observed between p53 expression and increased Gleasons grade (P = 0.038). All 4 (100%) cases of well-differentiated carcinoma were negative for Ki-67 expression. Nineteen of 31 (61.29%) moderately differentiated and 13 of 15 (86.66%) poorly differentiated tumors were positive for Ki-67 and a statistically significant correlation was observed between Ki-67 positivity and increased Gleasons grade (P = 0.002). Conclusions: Both p53 and Ki-67 were significantly up-regulated in malignant lesions as compared to benign lesions and a strong relationship with the Gleasons grading was noticed, therefore, we propose that these markers can be applied along with other prostate cancer prognostic factors.

Accessory coracobrachialis: a case report with its morphological and clinical significance

MethodDuring the routine dissection of a male cadaver for teaching undergraduate medical students, a variation was seen in the morphology of coracobrachialis muscle.ResultsThe presence of an anomalous head of coracobrachialis muscle which had muscular origin from an abnormal site on coracoid process and thin tendinous insertion at the junction of brachialis and triceps muscle in common with insertion of coracobrachialis muscle to the medial surface of the middle of the shaft of the humerus.ConclusionCoracobrachialis muscle can have variant origin related to its embryogenesis with its clinical and surgical significance.

CobblerâÂÂs Cut: An Innovative Technique for Middle Ear Dissection

The Temporal bone is a valuable resource to study ear diseases and to teach anatomy to both undergraduate and postgraduate medical students. It is one of the most complicated bones of the skull. Methods of dissecting the middle ear have been described in the text books of Anatomy [1], Pathology and Forensic Medicine [2,3]. Those methods mainly involve the piece meal removal of the bone to expose the tympanic antrum and opening the middle ear cavity which requires a lot of time and expertise. The Present study was conducted on 200 Temporal Bones of 100 unidentified cadavers during Medico-legal Post-mortem Examination. We have devised a new and a very simple method to dissect the temporal bone. Dissection was carried out with the help of a single sharp edged chisel cut named as Cobbler’s Cut that quickly exposes the middle ear cavity and helps in the easily procurement of the ear ossicles (Malleus, Incus & Stapes). It was found to be successful in 86% of the cases for the easy procurement of the complete set of ear ossicles bilaterally. The cadaveric ear ossicles could be of great help for the research purposes in Forensic Medicine and ENT.

Primary cutaneous actinomycosis of upper extremity masquerading as soft tissue neoplasm: a case report.

Primary cutaneous actinomycosis of the extremity is extremely rare. It is usually misdiagnosed clinically as soft tissue tumour or soft tissue infection. We present the case of a 55-year-old woman with primary cutaneous actinomycosis of the right forearm that had been erroneously diagnosed as soft tissue tumour. It had probably occurred following direct inoculation of the micro-organism after a monkey bite. The patient was successfully treated with surgical excision followed by treatment with antibiotics.