Goran Jankes

Energy audit as a tool for improving overal energy efficiency in Serbian industrial sector

The paper presents characteristics of energy consumption in industrial sector of Serbia, the methodology and results of energy audits (EA) performed in industrial sites and potentials for energy efficiency (EE) improvements. The present state of industrial energy in Serbia could be characterized by significant technological out-of-date, low EE and low level of environmental protection. Presented analysis of the results of conducted EAs in selected industrial companies in previous period has shown the significant potentials for EE improvements in Serbian industrial sector (upgrading or replacement of equipment in the industrial energy sources and processes, introduction of energy management, improvement of steam supply and condensate return systems, the waste heat utilization, introduction of EE technology, improvement of EE in electrical equipment, usage of waste materials etc).

Biomass gasification technology: The state of the art overview

The reduction of imported forms of energy, and the conservation of the limited supply of fossil fuels, depends up on the utilization of all other available fuel energy sources. Biomass is a renewable energy source and represents a valid alternative to fossil fuels. The abundance of biomass ranks it as the third energy resource after oil and coal. Moreover, when compared to fossil fuels, biomass fuels possess negligible sulphur concentrations, produce less ash, and generate far less emissions in to the air. In other words, biomass can deliver significant greenhouse gas reductions in electricity, heat and transport fuel supply. The energy in biomass may be realized by different thermochemical technologies of which gasification is most promising alternative routes to convert biomass to power/heat generation and production of transportation fuels and chemical feedstock. This paper deals with the state of the art biomass gasification technologies, evaluating advantages and disadvantages, the potential use of the syngas and the application of the biomass gasification. Also, this paper provides short overview of the current status of the biomass gasification in Serbia.

Results of experimental research on parameters that determine stable operating limits of ceramic burner with packed bed of uniform spheres for combustion of low calorific gaseous fuels

The research presented in this paper focuses on parameters that determine stable operating limits of porous burner. The experimental research was carried out on laboratory installation consisting of ceramic cylinder filled with packed bed of Al2O3 spheres. Gaseous fuel is prepared by mixing the compressed natural gas (CNG) and nitrogen (N2) in defined ratio, depending on set heating value of the inlet gaseous fuel. Experimental program included combustion of low calorific gaseous fuel (7.5 to 15 MJ/m3) within porous burner, where inlet power ranged between 2 and 4 kW. Total number of experimental sets in experimental study was 16, where seven of them were considered as stable. Results of experimental research are presented and discussed within this paper.

Potentials for reducing primary energy consumption through energy audit in the packaging paper factory

Energy audit is a primary step towards a more rational use of primary energy sources in the energy-intensive process such as the production of packaging paper. By the adoption of the Law on efficient use of energy in 2013, energy audits have become mandatory for all industrial companies in Serbia. This paper presents the methodology and results of the one-day energy audit which was conducted in the Paper Factory - Belgrade (FHB). The measures to increase energy efficiency of the production process, together with the quantification of the savings in the primary energy consumption, are proposed based on the results of the study.

Experimental study on the efficiency of pulverized coal-fired steam boiler

The results of experimental investigation of pulverized coal combustion process with the aim to improve energy efficiency of an industrial steam boiler are presented in the paper. The investigation included measurement of combustion process parameters in four typical operating conditions, from minimum to maximum steam boiler load, and visualization of combustion process by using the camera with thermal imaging sensor. Several organizational and technical measures to improve energy efficiency of the industrial steam boiler are proposed and discussed in the paper. The measures are evaluated in terms of a possible reduction in the coal consumption and CO2 emissions.

Airflow measurements and mass and heat balance in a cardboard mill hall to approach energy efficiency

The results of field measurements conducted in Umka Cardboard Mill hall are presented in the paper. The points of interest were air temperature and humidity distribution inside the hall as well as the temperatures of the cardboard machine surfaces and inner walls of the hall. Temperature, humidity and velocity of air at supply-air openings were also measured. Based on the results material and heat balance of the hall was calculated and discussed. The aims of the study were to evaluate the thermodynamic properties and waste heat potentials of the air extracted from the hall by mechanical ventilation system.