Goran Stojiljković

The characteristics of head wounds inflicted by "humane killer" (captive-bolt gun)--a 15-year study.

The “humane killer” or captive‐bolt gun, is the tool/weapon widely used in meat industry and private farmer households for slaughtering animal stock. Out of 17,250 autopsies performed at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Novi Sad during the 15‐year period (1991–2005), 29 cases of suicides and two homicides were committed by captive‐bolt pistols. Wounds inflicted by captive‐bolt guns have specific morphological features, distinctive from wounds made by other kinds of hand firearms. Selected features of the captive‐bolt wounds (punched round entrance and a double pattern of smoke soiling) depend on distance and angle of instrument at the time of firing. Autopsy findings were compared with an experimental model consisting of 20 domestic pigs. Obtained results confirmed that the appearance of the entrance hole and soot deposits, along with differences in shape, location, extent, and density of soot blackening, could be useful in identification of weapon, direction of discharge, shooting distance, and angle of the muzzle to the frontal and sagittal planes of the head at the moment of fire.

Death due to an unrecognized ascariasis infestation: two medicolegal autopsy cases.

Two unusual autopsy cases of fatal Ascaris infection have been presented. The first case presents lethal diffuse peritonitis due to duodenal rupture caused by the presence of parasitic Ascaris worm in gastrointestinal tract of 2.5-year-old child. The second one is a case of subacute asphyxia caused by obturation of upper respiratory tract by a large number of adult Ascaris roundworms. General economic crisis and inefficient medical service make possible spreading of almost eradicated disease, thus the possibility of the most serious complications of this helminthiasis must not be forgotten.

Genetic characterization of 27 Y-STR loci with the Yfiler ® Plus kit in the population of Serbia

Recently, a new 6-dye multiplex, AmpFlSTR Yfiler Plus PCR Amplification Kit (Yfiler Plus, Applied Biosystems, USA) has been developed, which can co-amplify 27 Y-STR loci. 17 Y-STRs widely used loci included in the AmpFlSTR Yfiler Amplification Kit (Yfiler, Applied Biosystems, USA) are included in this kit, besides 10 new additional Y-STR loci (DYS481, DYS460, DYS533, DYS449, DYS576, DYS627, DYS518, DYS570, and DYF387S1a/b), with the last seven being rapidly mutating Y-STRs (RM Y-STRs) [1]. These RM YSTRs are very useful for the discrimination between closely related and unrelated males [1–4]. In this study, we used the Yfiler Plus kit to type 203 unrelated individuals from 3 geographically different areas of Serbia; Northern Serbia, Central Serbia and Southern Serbia (Fig. S1). DNA was obtained from bloodstains or buccal swabs by using the Chelex 100 extraction method [5] from healthy unrelated individuals; 68 from Northern Serbia, 68 from Central Serbia and 67 from Southern Serbia, born and residing in the selected geographical areas, following informed consent. PCR amplification was performed using a GeneAmp PCR System 9700 Gold Plate (Applied Biosystems, USA) using Yfiler Plus kit, according to manufacturer’s recommendations with modifications in the reaction volume (12.5 ml). The electrophoresis was carried out on an Applied Biosystems 3500 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, USA) and the fragment analysis was performed with GeneMapper IDX v.1.4 software (Applied Biosystems, USA). Allele designations were made using the allelic ladders provided with the Yfiler Plus kit, and following the recommendations of the DNA Commission of the ISFG on Y-STR analysis [6,7]. Following the guidelines of Forensic Science International Genetics, data were submitted to the YHRD (Y-chromosomal haplotype reference database; https://yhrd.org [8]) and received the accession number YA004149. The contributor successfully passed the YHRD quality control test. The Y-STR haplotypes observed in the three Serbian geographic areas is reported in Table S1. A total of 200 different haplotypes was observed in the sample of 203 Serbian individuals. A total of 197 unique haplotypes (singletons) were obtained from 203 individuals using the Yfiler Plus kit (Table S2). All haplotypes in Northern, Central and Southern Serbia were unique, but three haplotypes shared between different Serbian regions were found (Table S1). A null allele was observed in one individual at DYS391. In all the samples, four different intermediate alleles were found in two loci (DYS390 and DYS458) whereas locus DYS458 showed the highest number (three different intermediate alleles with

Fatal intoxication with toluene due to inhalation of glue

Two cases of fatal intoxications with toluene due to glue sniffing are described. In case 1, the autopsy did not indicate cause of death, while in case 2, the cause of death was determined to possibly be due to mechanical asphyxia by drowning. As the decedents had a history of glue sniffing, toxicological analyses were performed. Using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with headspace method, toluene was detected in biological samples. Toluene ranged from 3.81 to 20.97 μg/g, with the highest concentrations observed in liver and brain (13.82–20.97 μg/g) in both cases. Based upon this data, the cause of death in both cases was determined to be toluene poisoning. Toxicological investigations are extremely important and should be considered mandatory in all deaths thought to be due to volatile substance abuse, as well as all deaths that are thought to be due to poisoning in young people.