Graça Aparício

Genetic heritage as a risk factor enabling chilhood obesity

INTRODUCTION Nowadays, it is an evidence that maternal obesity is an important predictor of obesity in the descendants, not being consensual if that influence comes from the interaction between genes and facilitators family contexts or both. OBJECTIVES 1) To determinate the prevalence of the child overweight; 2) to classify the nutritional status and metabolic risk of the progenitors; 3) to analyze the effect of the markers of the family metabolic risk in the expression of the illness in the child. MATERIAL AND METHODS Descriptive study composed by 1424 children, average age 4.58 years old and their mothers, average age 34.47 years old, living in several parts of Portugal. The childrens anthropometric measures were evaluated and classified according to the NCHS referential (CDC, 2000)(1) and of the progenitors by the orientations of the WHO (2000)(2) and Portugal, DGS (2005).(3) Social demographic data was obtained by filling in the Food Frequency Questionnaire adapted from Rito (2007).(4) RESULTS The overweight affected 34.3% of the children, (including 17.4% obesity), being the higher values on boys (36.8%) and in 5 year old children (39.5). In 41.9% of the progenitors overweight was noted (12.1% obesity), being higher in mothers with low scholarship, low income, older and living in a rural area. The probability of the child to be overweighted was 1.4 times higher when mothers were overweight, and close to 2 times in the relationship mother/daughter. Others enabling factors were revealed, like weight gain above recommended during pregnancy and a higher weight at birth. CONCLUSIONS Due to the obtained interferences, it is accepted the existence of enabling factors of maternal and child markers in the development of overweight in the child, so that the prevention of child obesity should consider not only the environmental dimension but also the genetic heritage.

Teens and dating: study of factors that influence attitudes of violence

FRAMEWORK Dating violence is a relevant social problem in adolescent and young adult romantic relationships. Particular attention has begun to be paid to it by the scientific community in the last two decades. It may involve a sexual, physical and psychological dimension, requiring different prevention and intervention strategies. OBJECTIVE To analyse the effect of socio-demographic and contextual variables on attitudes to dating violence. MATERIAL AND METHOD This is a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional descriptive and correlational study. Questionnaires to characterise socio-demographics and dating context and the Scale of Attitudes about Dating Violence (SADV), were applied to 243 adolescents attending the 10th, 11th and 12th years of schooling in a Portuguese secondary school. RESULTS The adolescents are over 17 years in age (40.7%), with a predominance of girls (56.0%). They reside mainly in rural areas with most attending the 10th year. More than half live with their parents (91.7%). The vast majority are Catholic. Nearly all of the participants are dating or have dated. We found statistically significant differences in all types of violence with regards to gender, the religion they practice and adolescents who have had sexual relations. The type of violence exerted was mainly psychological. CONCLUSION The results point to the need to integrate the topic of dating violence in adolescent education using active methods with the effective participation of everyone involved in the process (adolescents, parents, teachers and health professionals). Only in this way will it be possible to develop healthy emotional relationship skills.

Conflict in adolescent dating relationships: a study of factors involved.

BACKGROUND Dating violence is a relevant current social and public health problem, not only due to adolescents exposure to risk of physical and mental injury, but also because its at this age that romantic relationships begin with the possibility of these patterns of interaction to be perpetuated throughout life. The aim of this study is to characterize behaviours of violence and to identify the factors of conflict in adolescent dating relationships. MATERIAL AND METHODS Transversal and correlational study, with a non-probabilistic sample of 243 mostly Portuguese adolescents, 56.0% female (mean age = 16.29 years; SD = 1.02), 71.2% living in rural areas and who attended between the 10th and 12th year at school. A socio-demographic questionnaire and on the contextual characteristics of dating was applied as well as a validated and adapted version for the Portuguese population of the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory. RESULTS Of the adolescents, 91.7% live with their parents and the vast majority is dating or has dated. The victimization conflict behaviours superseded those of perpetration and the boys showed more conflict strategies (of the self and the other) compared to girls, while girls and older boys had demonstrated more non-abusive strategies of the self. The conflict behaviours were significant in adolescents who initiated their sexual activity earlier and non-abusive strategies when dating couples or friends talk about sex. CONCLUSIONS The results justify the need to integrate the topic of dating violence in adolescent education, using active methods with effective participation of everyone involved in the process.

OC20 - Skin-to-skin contact in the first hour of life.

UNLABELLED Theme: Child protection and managing risk. BACKGROUND Skin-to-skin contact in the first hour of life has benefits for the mother and the newborn, as well as a major role in establishing breastfeeding. OBJECTIVES Determine the prevalence of skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding within the first hour of life. METHOD A systematic review of literature followed by a quantitative and simple descriptive cross-sectional study, according to a non-probability analyzing of 382 clinic records of postpartum mothers. RESULTS Evidence that early skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth is a potential sensory stimulus, which covers the newborn warming, tactile and active stimulation, respiratory rates and level of blood glucose, reduces baby crying and promotes breastfeeding. In the sample, about 92.6% of the mothers put the baby to the breast in the first hour of life, but only 26.6% made skin-to-skin contact with the baby. CONCLUSION Despite the scientific evidence of the benefits of skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth, this practice is still not widely used as, according to the study results, and is only applied to one in every four newborns.

Affections, Disaffections, and Relationship Abuse in Adolescence

Dating violence is a socially relevant problem among adolescents and young adults and has begun to receive particular attention by the scientific community over the past 2 decades. It is not limited to the sexual dimension, and it may involve multiple and varied forms including physical and psychological abuse, necessitating different strategies for prevention and intervention. The objective was to identify the factors that influence dating violence among high school students and analyze the effect of …

PP.31 Relationship Between Birth Weight and Nutritional Status in Preschool Children

Background The intrauterine period has been considered as a very sensitive period in which nutritional and/or hormones changes appear to play an essential role in the subsequent control of body weight. Objectives Classify the nutritional status of children, analysing its relationship with birth weight. Methods Cross-sectional and observational study comprising 792 preschool children, average age 4.39 years old (SD = 0.911), residents in a centre region of Portugal. Children’s anthropometric measurement was obtained and the classification was based on the NCHS reference (CDC, 2000) and the birth weight classification on the WHO (2001). Results Globally 66% had normal weight, 31.3% were overweight (including 12.4% obesity) and 2.7% low-weight but the differences shown to be independent from age and gender of children. 91.9% of girls and 87.1% of boys was born with appropriate weight for gestational age while 6.5% and 3.9% were born respectively lightweight and large for gestational age. The association between birth weight and overweight revealed that 7.4% of children with overweight were born large. The relationship was statistically significant (χ2 = 21.130, p = 0.002), implying that a higher birth weight was associated with increased risk of overweight in childhood with a probability greater than 8 times (OR = 8.486, 95% CI = 2.443 to 29.483) (χ2 = 13.636, p = 0.000). Conclusion The results suggest significant effect of birth weight on the development of later overweight. So, children born with high weight require further monitoring and promotion of an adequate dietary pattern, in order to control early its nutritional status.

PL.93 Caring For the Parturient: Valorisation of Care Received During Labour, Delivery and Postpartum

Background Childbirth is a remarkable experience in the life of women and her family, so health professionals (obstetric doctor and nurse), should adopt a set of practises that promote healthy labour and birth, including respect for the physiological process and dynamic of each birth. Objective To analyse the relationship between sociodemographic and obstetric variables with the valorisation of care received during labour and postpartum. Method A quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study, consisted of 386 women interned in the obstetrics service of the Portuguese public hospitals who received a questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic variables, care provided, action before pain, social and familial support, attention to wellbeing and attention to postpartum/discharge. Results The puerperal women were aged between 19 and 37 years, mostly married (79.5%). 34.5% have secondary education, 70.2% perform a work activity and 50% are primiparous. Parity, surveillance of pregnancy, preparation for childbirth and parenting time and hours in labour (this inversely), influence the importance of the care received in relation to the action before the pain and attention to the wellbeing. Conclusion The orientation of obstetric care according to the woman allows for active participation in her birth plan, a sense of control, improves her self esteem and their level of satisfaction with the care received.