Graciela Melisa Viegas

Desarrollo metodológico a partir de mosaicos urbanos para evaluar la eficiencia energética y el aprovechamiento de la energía solar en el marco de la sustentabilidad urbana

In Argentina, the production and recycling of buildings have grown significantly in the last few year, especially in the residential building market. Therefore, it is essential to develop analytical tools to help understand and monitor the processes involved in the phenomenon of urbanization and to quantify its energy and environmental consequences. This study develops a methodology that examines, based on a representative unit (urban mosaic), the ability that different sectors of the city have to use solar power in their different urban textures and heat dissipation areas, thus determining their energy potential. In order to do that the study involves: (a) a conceptual definition of urban mosaic, its use and its technical definition; (b) an assessment of tools for the processing and spatial and energy modeling of the mosaics; and (c) an implementation of the methodology. The results verify the conceptual development and the feasibility of the methodology in a case study carried out at the city of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina (latitude 34 ° 55 S, longitude 57 ° 57 W), and allow an estimation of the potential for efficient energy use and solar energy use (44,3% of energy savings in heating were obtained).

Monitoreo energético y estrategias de RETROFIT para viviendas sociales en clima frío.

espanolEl presente trabajo aborda la aplicacion de tecnologias y pautas para el reciclado masivo de viviendas urbanas representativas. Se evalua aqui el comportamiento energetico actual en una vivienda social “tipo” con un alto nivel de replicabilidad. Para ello, se cuantifica el potencial ahorro energetico al aplicar diversas estrategias de mejoramiento de la envolvente edilicia que permitan arribar a valores admisibles de perdidas termicas, de acuerdo con la normativa argentina. Se describe la tecnologia, el comportamiento termico y energetico de una vivienda perteneciente al barrio “645 Viviendas” (desarrollado por El Instituto de Planificacion y Promocion de la Vivienda), ubicada en la ciudad de San Carlos de Bariloche, en la zona bioambiental IV, muy fria. Este barrio presenta una emergencia energetica de gran magnitud, ya que no se encuentra conectado a la red de gas natural. Posteriormente, se examinan los resultados de la auditoria energetica de 2016 y se muestra la simulacion termica realizada en Ecotect Analysis 2011, incorporando las condiciones reales de uso auditadas. Ajustado el modelo, se analizan 24 estrategias de mejoramiento de la envolvente termica, posibilitando la identificacion de las estrategias de mayor impacto en la reduccion de la demanda energetica. EnglishThis research studies the implementation of technologies and guidelines for the large-scale retrofitting of representative urban housing. It evaluates the energy performance of a typical social housing dwelling with a high level of replicability. To this end, the potential energy savings resulting from the application of various building envelope improvement strategies in accordance with Argentine regulations are calculated. The technology and the thermal and energy behavior of a dwelling located in the “645 Dwellings” neighborhood (645 Viviendas) built by the Institute of Planning and Promotion of Housing (IPPV) in the city of San Carlos de Bariloche are described. This neighborhood presents a major energy emergency, since the houses are located in bio-environmental zone IV (very cold) and are not connected to the natural gas grid. Subsequently, the results of the 2016 energy audit are examined and a thermal simulation with Ecotect Analysis 2011 software incorporating the actual audited conditions of use is shown. After adjusting the model, 24 thermal envelope improvement strategies are analyzed in order to identify those with the greatest impact on energy demand reduction.

Evaluación cuali-cuantitativa de aislaciones térmicas alternativas para viviendas. El caso de la agricultura familiar

Family-based farmers of Greater La Plata and Berazategui (Buenos Aires, Argentina) are conditioned by their position as leaseholders of land by which they live and work and by their fragile economicproductive situation. Low-cost dwellings with low habitability standards and poor insulating properties are observed. This paper proposes the exploration of alternative insulating materials through the reuse of resources. These materials may contribute to the improvement of both existent (recycling) and new dwellings. Such an exercise involved the measurement of the thermal transmittance of materials through hot box methods. Different analyses of the most representative materials were conducted during 2014; these elements were divided into four categories: natural fiber, plastic, paper and soil. Interviews and consultations were conducted in order to elaborate quantitative analyses that were contrasted with the opinion of potential users and the viewpoint of technicians involved in this social segment. Results show that corrugated cardboard and recycled polyethylene have good insulating properties, are affordable or obtained for free and reduce the amount of existing waste; likewise, users consider the use of these materials a possible solution if they solve sealing, humidity and condensation issues.