Graciela Teresa Navone

Parasitosis intestinales en poblaciones Mbyá-Guaraní de la Provincia de Misiones, Argentina: aspectos epidemiológicos y nutricionales

Intestinal parasite infestation in indigenous Mbya-Guarani communities in Misiones, Argentina, was described and associated with nutritional status and environmental and cultural factors. The results were compared with those from Takuapi, a neighboring indigenous population, and the nearest urban population, Aristobulo del Valle. The Ritchie, Willis, and Kato Katz techniques were used to analyze the stool samples. Anthropometric parameters were analyzed and earth samples processed. From a total sample of 296 individuals analyzed in the four populations, 100 (87.7%), 63 (88.7%), 49 (96.1%), and 50 (82%) were infested in Kaaguy Poty, Yvy Pyta, Takuapi, and Aristobulo del Valle, respectively. 84% of infested individuals had multiple parasites. The 43% of the individuals presented malnutrition, and 87% of these were infested. There was an association between use of latrines and Giardia lamblia (p < 0.01); open-air defecation, lack of footwear, and hookworms (p < 0.01); and housing type and total helminthes (p < 0.01). Earth samples were contaminated with parasites. The results suggest the relationship between environmental contamination and high prevalence of intestinal parasites in these human populations.

Asociación entre geohelmintos y condiciones socioambientales en diferentes poblaciones humanas de Argentina

OBJETIVOS: Analizar la relacion entre las especies de geohelmintos identificadas en poblaciones urbanas, suburbanas y rurales de las Provincias de Buenos Aires y Misiones, Argentina, y los aspectos socioambientales que favorecen la infestacion por estos parasitos. METODOS: Estudio transversal. Se analizaron 700 muestras fecales humanas provenientes de 319 familias residentes en una poblacion urbana (LPU) y dos suburbanas (LPS, LPN) de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, y una poblacion rural de la provincia de Misiones (MR), en Argentina. Se colectaron 35 muestras fecales de perros y 205 de tierra, y se completaron encuestas sobre las caracteristicas socioambientales de las localidades estudiadas. Se utilizaron las tecnicas de analisis parasitologicos de Ritchie, Carles Barthelemy, Fulleborn y Kato Katz. RESULTADOS: La frecuencia de parasitosis fue mayor en MR (78,4%), seguida de las areas suburbanas LPN (35,0%) y LPS (25,8%), y fue menor en la zona urbana LPU (5,7%). Los ancilostomideos (71,1%) y Strongyloides stercoralis (22,2%) se detectaron solamente en MR y Ascaris lumbricoides, Hymenolepis nana y Trichuris trichiura fueron mas frecuentes en LPN. Las muestras de heces de perros de Misiones presentaron una mayor frecuencia de parasitos (100%) que las de las localidades de Buenos Aires, pero el suelo del sector urbano bonaerense resulto mas contaminado. Las practicas de alimentacion y defecacion poco higienicas, el hacinamiento, el habito de no usar calzado y el piso de tierra en las viviendas se asociaron significativamente con una mayor frecuencia de geohelmintos y pseudogeohelmintos intestinales (P < 0,05). CONCLUSIONES: El alto numero de casos con infestacion multiple observado tanto en las poblaciones suburbanas como en la rural merece una atencion especial y plantea la necesidad de profundizar estudios epidemiologicos que integren los diversos aspectos de este complejo problema a fin de implementar acciones y programas sanitarios eficaces.

Parasitosis intestinales en niños de edad preescolar y escolar: situación actual en poblaciones urbanas, periurbanas y rurales en Brandsen, Buenos Aires, Argentina

MARIA LORENA ZONTA*, GRACIELA TERESA NAVONE* y EVELIA EDITH OYHENART** Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET-UNLP); Calle 2 No. 584, 1900 La PlataBuenos Aires, Argentina. Catedra de Antropologia Biologica IV. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP.* Catedra de Antropologia Biologica IV. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP; Centro de Investigaciones enGenetica Basica y Aplicada, UNLP (CIGEBA) - CONICET.

Estudio comparativo de recuperación de formas parasitarias por tres diferentes métodos de enriquecimiento coproparasitológico

A total of 165 fecal samples were analyzed, using two sedimentation methods: Ritchie (R), CarlesBarthelemy (CB), and one of flotation: Willis (W), in order to optimize intestinal parasites diagnosisand to determine the techniques effectiveness. Parasites were found in 119 (72,12%) of those analyzed.Significant differences were in protozoa recovery (p < 0,001), being observed 81.4% (R), 77.4%(CB), and 57.8% (W).

Natural infection of the feline lungworm Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in the invasive snail Achatina fulica from Argentina

The giant African snail Achatina fulica is an invasive mollusk native to Africa, the first record in Argentina was in Puerto Iguazú, in northeastern Argentina in 2010. Recently it was reported in Corrientes Province. This snail can act as an intermediate host of Metastrongyloidea nematodes of importance in public health as: Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Angiostrongylus costaricensis and Angiostrongylus vasorum. Taking into account the presence of A. fulica in Argentina, the objectives of this study is to assess the presence of Metastrongyloidea nematodes in this mollusk species in Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, close to the international border with Brazil and Paraguay. A total of 451 samples were collected from February 2014 to November 2015. The snails were processed using a digestion technique to recover the parasites. A total of 206 nematodes larvae were founded in the digestion solution of 10 hosts (P=2%; MA=0.5; MI=21). Third larval stage (L3) nematodes identified as Aelurostrongylus abstrusus were founded parasitizing the snails. No other larval stage was observed. This species has veterinary importance because it causes aelurostrongilosis, also known as feline strongyloidosis. This study constitutes the first record of a Metastrongyloidea nematode in A. fulica in Argentina and also highlights the susceptibility of this mollusk as intermediate host of other helminthes of health importance. The present study suggests that there is a need to establish an epidemiological monitoring system in order to prevent the possible installation of an infected mollusks focus.

A checklist of the helminth parasites of sympatric rodents from two Mayan villages in Yucatán, México

In this survey, 19 species of helminths including Cestoda (Davaineidae, Hymenolepididae, and Taeniidae), Acanthocephala (Oligacanthorhynchidae), and Nematoda (Trichuridae, Ornithostrongylidae, Heligmonellidae, Oxyuridae, and Gongylonematidae) from Rattus rattus, Mus musculus, Sigmodon toltecus, Heteromys gaumeri, and Peromyscus yucatanicus in two Mayan villages in Yucatán, México, were recorded. Ten species of helminths were collected in both localities. The highest species richness was recorded in R. rattus from Xkalakdzonot (6 taxa). Twelve species are new records for Yucatán and two are registered for the first time in México. This survey constitutes the first checklist of helminth parasites in small rodents in the south-southeast of México.