Grażyna Marczuk-Kolada

Assessment of cytotoxic potential of root canal sealers after hardening - an ex vivo study.

AIM The aim of this study was to perform a comparative assessment of the toxic action of root canal sealers currently on the market on human gingival fibroblasts after setting. MATERIAL/METHODS The inserts with an equal quantity of set root canal sealers were transferred into 24-well culture dishes containing human gingival fibroblasts cultured in Dulbeccos Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS). The dishes with materials were incubated at 37°C, 100% humidity and in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 for 24 h. The cytotoxic effects of the root canal materials were measured by the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity in living cells using tetrazolium bromide (MTT assay). RESULTS Epiphany and Sealapex exhibited high toxicity towards human gingival fibroblasts - 25.57% ± 0.88 and 27.63 % ± 2.35 respectively (less than 30% live cells in the culture). The remaining materials were characterized by lack of a cytotoxic effect (over 90% of live cells in the culture). None of the preparations exhibited moderate or low toxicity. CONCLUSIONS The majority of root canal sealers tested after hardening were well tolerated by human gingival fibroblasts. Only two materials were characterized by high toxicity: with methacrylate (Epiphany) and calcium hydroxide (Sealapex).

Fluoride Release and Antibacterial Activity of Self-Made Composite Materials for Dental Fillings

In the paper own prepared materials with addition fluorine sources were evaluated. The aim of the study was to assess the quality and quantity of fluoride source on fluoride ions release from composite materials. Antibacterial activity of analyzed materials in relation to four bacteria was investigated. Fluoride ions release was measured by direct potentiometry method with fluoride ion selective electrode. The measurements were carried out after 1, 4, 7, 14, 30, 60 days of storage in buffer at pH 6.8. The antibacterial activity of the materials was evaluated against standard bacterial strains using the agar diffusion test. Tests show that the highest level of fluoride ions emission was observed for composite with fluoridated glass (material A) on the seventh day of the study. Similar fluoride ions amount was released from material consisted of fluoridated glass and ytterbium fluoride (material C), but not until on the thirtieth day of the study. After 24 hours of composite bonding there was inhibition of bacterial growth by composite C, whereas composite A did not show similar activity. On the eighth day after polymerization, both materials were significantly more active towards two bacteria.

Evaluation of cytotoxicity and pH changes generated by various dental pulp capping materials — an in vitro study

INTRODUCTION Various materials are used in direct dental pulp capping method. Their biocompatibility and alkalizing abilities are of primary importance affecting therapeutic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of various pulp-capping materials on human gingival fibroblasts and investigate the pH changes induced by these materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured with nine direct pulp materials using culture plate inserts. The cytotoxic effects were recorded by using an MTT-based colorimetric assay after 3 and 24 h. In the second part of the experiment, the materials were inserted in dialysis tubes and transferred into plastic vials containing deionized water. The changes of the medium pH were measured after 3 and 24 h. RESULTS We showed differences in cell viability of gingival fibroblasts after varied time of exposition for the tested materials. Cell viability after 24 h increased for Dycal, Biopulp, and Calcipro, and decreased for Calcipulpe, Angelus, Angelus White, and ProRoot Regular. Cell viability for ProRoot and Life did not change. Non-setting calcium hydroxide preparations followed by the MTA group and setting calcium hydroxide materials produced the highest pH. All the tested materials significantly increased pH (p < 0.0001) at 24 h. CONCLUSIONS Currently used pulp capping materials varied in their cytotoxicity relative to human gingival fibroblasts and their alkalizing capacities. Since most likely pH does not affect the viability of cultured cells, further investigations are required to determine physicochemical properties of these materials and the biological activity of the dental pulp.

Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of selected conventional glass ionomer cements on human gingival fibroblasts

BACKGROUND Dentistry materials are the most frequently used substitutes of human tissues. Therefore, an assessment of dental filling materials should cover not only their chemical, physical, and mechanical characteristics, but also their cytotoxicity. OBJECTIVES To compare the cytotoxic effects of 13 conventional glass ionomer cements on human gingival fibroblasts. MATERIAL AND METHODS The assessment was conducted using the MTT test. Six samples were prepared for each material. Culture plates with cells and inserts with the materials were incubated at 37°C, 5% CO2, and 95% humidity for 24 h. Then the inserts were removed, 1 mL of MTT was added in the amount of 0.5 mg/1 mL of the medium, and the samples were incubated in the described conditions without light for 2 h. The optical density was measured with an absorption spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 560 nm. RESULTS The cytotoxic effects of the Argion Molar was significantly stronger than the Fuji Triage (p = 0.007), Chemfil Molar (p < 0.0001), and Ionofil Molar AC Quick (p < 0.001). The Fuji IX GP and Fuji IX Extra had a significantly stronger adverse effect than the Chemfil Molar (p = 0.014, p = 0.029, respectively) and Ionofil Molar AC Quick (p = 0.017, p = 0.034, respectively). The cements from the low cytotoxicity group were significantly more toxic vs materials whose presence resulted in fibroblast growth (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The research conducted indicates that, although the materials studied may belong to the same group, they are characterized by low, yet not uniform, cytotoxicity on human gingival fibroblasts. The toxic effects should not be assigned to a relevant group of materials, but each dentistry product should be evaluated individually.

A comparative assessment of the antibacterial activityof root canal sealers on 2 Actinomyces species: An in vitro study

BACKGROUND Actinomyces species have a low virulence and pathogenicity, but under specific circumstances they may be involved in root canal and periapical tissue infections. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of various root canal sealers on standardized strains of Actinomyces. MATERIAL AND METHODS The materials tested in this study included AH Plus™ Jet (AH), Apexit® Plus (AP), Endomethasone N (EN), GuttaFlow® (GF), Hybrid Root SEAL (HB), MTA Fillapex (FL), Real® Seal (RCS), Roeko Seal Automix (RSA), Sealapex™ (SP), and Tubli-Seal™ (TS). The antibacterial effect of the freshly mixed sealers on standardized strains of Actinomyces israelii NCTC 8047 and Actinomyces viscosus ATCC 15987 was evaluated with the use of the agar diffusion test (ADT). The results were obtained by measuring the diameter of the growth inhibition zone at 96 h and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks, and were analyzed in time using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statistically significant differences among the materials were determined by using one-way ANOVA and Tukeys post hoc testing. A paired Students t-test was applied to compare the susceptibility of particular strains to each sealer. The critical level of significance for all tests was p < 0.05. RESULTS Most sealers demonstrated growth inhibition zones against both tested bacteria, except for RSA and GF. Actinomyces viscosus was significantly more susceptible than A. israelii to AP, RCS (p < 0.001) and TS (p = 0.012). Actinomyces israelii was significantly more susceptible than A. viscosus to EN, HB and SP (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The antimicrobial effect of the examined materials varied considerably depending on the type of material and bacterial species tested. Most of the tested root canal sealers exhibited antibacterial activity on standardized strains of Actinomyces, with FL showing the highest antibacterial effect on both bacterial strains. Importantly, both standardized strains of Actinomyces were characterized by varied sensitivity to root canal sealers.

Importance of dental care to maintain oral health of children and youth with type 1 diabetes

BACKGROUND Dental care for children and youth with type 1 diabetes should rely on reliable examination of the oral cavity, early treatment of dental caries and maintenance of the treatment results. This can be achieved through regular control visits consistent with the standards, and also through following the recommendations for prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease. The aim of the study was to investigate whether dental care allows to preserve good oral health of children and youth with type 1 diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 60 patients with type 1 diabetes, aged 7-17 years, and 30 healthy children and youth within the same age range. There were evaluated intensity of caries, the effectiveness of conservative treatment, periodontal health and oral hygiene. RESULTS The results of examinations showed significantly lower caries prevalence and better periodontal health in the children and youth with type 1 diabetes. The effectiveness of conservative treatment was significantly higher among patients with mixed dentition. There was no significant difference in oral hygiene between the compared groups. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes is a risk factor for oral diseases, so children and youth with type 1 diabetes should be provided with special preventive care and curative measures. The main goal of the insulin-dependent diabetes care program is to early classify them to highrisk groups to improve general oral health and thus improve the quality of life. Proper dental care for children and yuoth with type 1 diabetes is a condition to maintain oral health. Med Pr 2018;69(1):37-44.

In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial effect of various root canal sealers on selected anaerobic bacteria

Aim of the study. To determine and compare the antibacterial activity of various root canal sealers against selected strains of anaerobic bacteria: Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586, Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius ATCC 27337. Material and Methods. The materials tested in this study included AH Plus Jet (AH), Apexit Plus (AP), Endomethasone N (EN), Epiphany (EP), GuttaFlow (GF), Roeko Seal Automix (RSA), Sealapex (SP) and Tubliseal (TS). The antibacterial effect of the freshly mixed sealers on the above mentioned strains of bacteria was evaluated with the use of the agar diffusion test. After inoculation with the bacteria and applying the materials, the agar plates were incubated at 37°C for one week in an atmosphere of 5-10% CO2. The results were obtained

Direct Pulp Capping in Primary Molars using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: An in Vivo Study

OBJECTIVE To do a clinical and radiographic evaluation of the effectiveness of MTA when used as a direct pulp capping material in primary molars. STUDY DESIGN Clinical and radiographic follow-up was performed on 30 primary molars with deep caries lesions in 30 patients from 3 to 9.75 years of age. Pulps exposed during cavity preparation were treated by direct pulp capping with MTA. The follow-up clinical and radiographic examinations were carried out at different time intervals: 6, 7-12, 13-18, 19-24, and >24 months after treatment. RESULTS Twenty-four teeth were evaluated during the entire observation period. Positive clinical and radiographic outcomes were achieved in 19 teeth (13 teeth were saved and 6 were exfoliated). In five teeth, complications were observed only in children under 7 years old. CONCLUSION Based on these clinical and radiographic results, MTA was found to be successful when used as a direct pulp capping material in primary teeth.

Different outcomes of managing severe intruded immature permanent incisors: A report of two cases

This report describes the interdisciplinary management of complete intrusions of the maxillary right central incisors with an immature open apex in 2 different patients of a similar age but with different outcomes. The most likely causes of these differences were: ankylosis; inflammatory root resorption; and the systemic condition of the 2nd patient. A number of preinjury and injury factors have a significant influence on the healing outcome. According to this report, prognosis after intrusive luxation appears to depend not only on the severity of the trauma, stage of root development and treatment method, but also probably on the patient’s systemic condition. Therefore, the patient’s current complex medical history should be taken into consideration as a factor significantly affecting the healing outcome and long-term prognosis.