Gregório Corrêa Guimarães

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and Placental Vascularization in Cases of Uterine Blood Flow Restriction

Studies report transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) as a treatment for placental insufficiency. To induce utero-placental insufficiency in rats, the uterine artery was ligated. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation was applied with a frequency of 80 Hz, pulse duration of 200 μs, and low intensity. Placental blood vessels were analyzed after immunohistochemistry. The number, caliber and area occupied by placental vessels, fetal weight and length, and placental volume were lower in cases stimulated by TENS. The interaction between ligation and stimulation by TENS was associated with reduction of all these measurements, suggesting that TENS use during pregnancy may have harmful effects on intra-uterine development.

Vascularization of broad ligament of uterus and its relationship with fetal and placental development in gilts.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of vascular architecture of broad ligament of the uterus on fetal and placental development in gilts. Fifteen gilts DB-90 (DanBred) were divided into three groups according to gestational age at slaughter (50, 80, and 106 days). After slaughter, fetuses and placentas were collected, weighed, and measured. The uterine arterial system was detached by latex repletion for quantification of the number and diameter of the terminal vessels in different regions of the uterine horns (apex, middle region, and base). Fetal and placental measurements were statistically analyzed and correlated with the number and diameter of arteries in each uterine segment. No correlation was observed (P > 0.10) between the number and diameter of arteries destined to the uterus with the number or weight of fetuses or placental weight in any gestational group. It was observed (P < 0.05) that more vessels destined to the medium region of the uterine horns, independent of the gestational age or uterus side. At the 80th day of gestation, fetuses located at the base of the uterus have (P < 0.05) smaller cephalic and thoracic perimeters. It was concluded that there were differences in vascularization of broad ligament that irrigates the different uterine segments, but this was not sufficient to influence the development of fetuses in gilts. The middle region of the uterine horns was the segment with a greater number of vessels, regardless of gestational age.

Origem, ramificação e distribuição da artéria celíaca no tucano-de-bico-verde (Ramphastos dicolorus Linnaeus, 1766)

The green-billed toucan (Ramphastos dicolorus) is a bird found in American tropical forests and belongs to the Order Piciformes, Family Ramphastidae. The aim of this paper is to describe the origin, ramification and distribution of the celiac artery in the green-billed toucan. Three specimens from the Scientific and Cultural Breeding of Pocos de Caldas, MG (IBAMA, 2.31.94-00006), donated after death by natural causes, were analyzed. The birds had the right ischiadic artery cannulated for injection of colored latex, and after fixation in 10% formalin solution were dissected. The celiac artery was originated from the descending portion of aorta, giving as the first collateral branch the pro-ventricular dorsal artery. This gave esophageal branches and continued as dorsal gastric artery, with tortuous appearance, ending in anastomosis with the right gastric artery. After a short track, the celiac artery formed two collateral branches, the right and the left. The left branch soon ramified itself to form the ventral pro-ventricular artery with its esophageal branches, left gastric artery, that gave rise to the left hepatic artery, and finally the gastroduodenal artery, which emitted the ventral gastric and duodenal arteries. The right branch of the celiac artery emitted the lienal and right hepatic arteries, continuing as pancreatic-duodenal artery. This gave the dorsal pyloric artery, two right gastric arteries, several duodenal, pancreatic branches and the duodenal-jejunal artery. Thus, the celiac artery in the three specimens of green-billed toucan showed an arrangement resembling that described both in domestic and wild birds.

Descrição anatômica da língua do mão-pelada (Procyon cancrivorus)

The crab-eating raccoon is a mammal of the Procyonidae family of rare anatomical descriptions about it. This paper aimed to anatomically describe the crab-eating raccoons tongue, providing data on future clinical and surgical studies, besides contributing to the carnivores compared anatomy. Two tongues were used after formaldehyde fixation. Crab-eating raccoons tongue is, in average, 9.5cm in length; it is elongated and with a less evident median sulcus. It presents lyssa, four pairs of vallate papillae in the root and one pair in the body, several fungiform and conical papillae in the body and root and less developed filiform papillae in the apex, mainly. Other three papillae pairs, taken as vallates, were observed in the lateral area of the tongue root. The crab-eating raccoons tongue presents some anatomical aspects which are similar to the dogs, as the lyssa and the distribution of papilae, but foliates, which were not observed.

Duplicidade da artéria renal em cão

Alteracoes vasculares renais sao observadas com baixa frequencia em medicina veterinaria e podem ter implicacoes diretas no funcionamento normal destes orgaos devido a alteracao do fluxo sanguineo. Assim, o objetivo deste relato e descrever um caso de duplicidade da arteria renal em uma cadela de cinco anos, sem raca definida e com 18kg. O animal veio a obito apos hemoparasitose cronica e foi submetido a injecao de latex pela aorta toracica, na altura do sexto espaco intercostal esquerdo. O animal foi dissecado apos fixacao com solucao de formol a 10%, no laboratorio de Anatomia Animal da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria da UNICASTELO, Campus Fernandopolis, SP, visando-se a evidenciacao dos ramos da aorta abdominal. Observou-se que o rim direito era irrigado por duas arterias, de calibres diferentes, caracterizando uma duplicidade dessa arteria renal. A arteria secundaria apresentava diâmetro 28,1% menor que a principal do mesmo antimero e 34,3% menor que a principal do outro antimero. Ambas as arterias adentravam o rim pela regiao do hilo renal e apresentavam trajetos praticamente paralelos. O rim esquerdo apresentava irrigacao pela arteria renal correspondente, sem qualquer alteracao anatomica em numero. Esta duplicidade da arteria renal deve ser considerada em caes, principalmente quando alteracoes renais estiverem presentes ou quando intervencoes cirurgicas abdominais forem conduzidas proxima aos rins, visando-se, dessa forma, a evitar que erros sejam cometidos por desconhecimento anatomico de estruturas importantes.

Histological characteristics of the gonads of pig fetuses and their relationship with fetal anatomical measurements

The objective was to evaluate the histomorphometric characteristics of the testis and ovaries of pig fetuses at different gestational ages, as well as their correlation with some fetus measurements. Forty-four fetuses were separated for gender (male and female) and gestational age (50, 80 and 106days of gestation). After slaughter, fetuses had their body length, head and thoracic perimeters measured and their gonads submitted to histomorphometric analyses. The gonadal characteristics at different gestational ages were statistically compared, correlations with the fetal measurements were performed and equations to predict the gonadal characteristics from the fetal measurements were obtained. The testis weight logarithmically increased along pregnancy, whereas ovary weight increased in a linear manner. The cordonal length and number of Sertoli cells were positively correlated with the fetal measurements, being higher at 106days gestation, while the nuclear volume of these cells were negatively correlated. The total number of follicles was higher at day 80 and 106 of pregnancy. The number of oogonia decreased along the pregnancy, however, their nucleus size was increased. The number of follicles and volume of oogonia were positively correlated with the fetal measurements, while the number of oogonia was negatively correlated. Equations were obtained for the prediction of gonadal characteristics of fetuses. We concluded that in pigs testis cell proliferation, ovary development and histological organization was more pronounced during the final third of pregnancy. Fetal weight and size were strongly related to gonadal development, and can be used to estimate the histological characteristics of gonads.