Gretchen Heidemann

Practicing Policy, Pursuing Change, and Promoting Social Justice: A Policy Instructional Approach.

Schools of social work are mandated to train students for policy practice. A new instructional approach is needed so that social workers skillfully engage in policy change to address the growing economic, social, and cultural problems that affect our clients. This article presents the Practicing Policy, Pursuing Change, and Promoting Social Justice (3P) approach, which brings social work students from multiple course sections together for unified policy advocacy on a target issue. The 8 stages of the 3P approach are presented, along with a case study. Suggestions for replication and implications for social work education are discussed.

“We Walk Through It Together”: The Importance of Peer Support for Formerly Incarcerated Women's Success

This study explored the sources of support available to formerly-incarcerated women (FIW) and the influence of that support on life satisfaction. One hundred and four FIW were surveyed and 30 interviewed. Regression analyses determined how well overall support and support from friends, family, and “Others” predicted life satisfaction. Findings revealed that only support from “Others,” but not friends or family positively predicted life satisfaction. Thematic analysis of qualitative data revealed the “Others” who provide support to FIW include peers, agency staff and other professionals. Romantic partners were described as both a source of risk and support. Implications for practice and policy are offered.

Beyond Recidivism: How Formerly Incarcerated Women Define Success

This study explores how formerly incarcerated women define success. Qualitative analysis of data from in-depth interviews with 30 women who had been released from prison at least 3 months prior to the interview suggests that avoiding recidivism is only one aspect of success for this population. Success is defined as having their own place, helping family members and others, living free from criminal justice surveillance, persevering through challenges, and living a “normal life.” Ways in which these conceptualizations expand traditional notions of success for this population are discussed. Limitations and suggestions for future research are offered.

The Girl Child A Review of the Empirical Literature

This article presents a critical synthesis of the empirical literature on the girl child. The often-cited issues faced by this population include the lack of access to education and health care, commercial sexual exploitation, and harmful cultural practices such as female genital mutilation and forced marriage. Despite frequent accounts cited in the literature, there has been no prior comprehensive review of issues encountered by the girl child or accompanying solutions. Adopting the systematic review method, the authors examine 16 empirical studies in relation to their geographic settings, definitions of the girl child, research methods, issues explored, and findings. Recommendations for future research are offered.

Validation of the Policy Advocacy Engagement Scale for frontline healthcare professionals

Background: Nurses, social workers, and medical residents are ethically mandated to engage in policy advocacy to promote the health and well-being of patients and increase access to care. Yet, no instrument exists to measure their level of engagement in policy advocacy. Research objective: To describe the development and validation of the Policy Advocacy Engagement Scale, designed to measure frontline healthcare professionals’ engagement in policy advocacy with respect to a broad range of issues, including patients’ ethical rights, quality of care, culturally competent care, preventive care, affordability/accessibility of care, mental healthcare, and community-based care. Research design: Cross-sectional data were gathered to estimate the content and construct validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability of the Policy Advocacy Engagement Scale. Participants and context: In all, 97 nurses, 94 social workers, and 104 medical residents (N = 295) were recruited from eight acute-care hospitals in Los Angeles County. Ethical considerations: Informed consent was obtained via Qualtrics and covered purposes, risks and benefits; voluntary participation; confidentiality; and compensation. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained from the University of Southern California and all hospitals. Findings: Results supported the validity of the concept and the instrument. In confirmatory factor analysis, seven items loaded onto one component with indices indicating adequate model fit. A Pearson correlation coefficient of .36 supported the scale’s test–retest stability. Cronbach’s α of .93 indicated strong internal consistency. Discussion: The Policy Advocacy Engagement Scale demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties in this initial test. Findings should be considered within the context of the study’s limitations, which include a low response rate and limited geographic scope. Conclusion: The Policy Advocacy Engagement Scale appears to be the first validated scale to measure frontline healthcare professionals’ engagement in policy advocacy. With it, researchers can analyze variations in professionals’ levels of policy advocacy engagement, understand what factors are associated with it, and remedy barriers that might exist to their provision of it.

Predicting Patient Advocacy Engagement: A Multiple Regression Analysis Using Data From Health Professionals in Acute-Care Hospitals

Although literature documents the need for hospital social workers, nurses, and medical residents to engage in patient advocacy, little information exists about what predicts the extent they do so. This study aims to identify predictors of health professionals’ patient advocacy engagement with respect to a broad range of patients’ problems. A cross-sectional research design was employed with a sample of 94 social workers, 97 nurses, and 104 medical residents recruited from eight hospitals in Los Angeles. Bivariate correlations explored whether seven scales (Patient Advocacy Eagerness, Ethical Commitment, Skills, Tangible Support, Organizational Receptivity, Belief Other Professionals Engage, and Belief the Hospital Empowers Patients) were associated with patient advocacy engagement, measured by the validated Patient Advocacy Engagement Scale. Regression analysis examined whether these scales, when controlling for sociodemographic and setting variables, predicted patient advocacy engagement. While all seven predictor scales were significantly associated with patient advocacy engagement in correlational analyses, only Eagerness, Skills, and Belief the Hospital Empowers Patients predicted patient advocacy engagement in regression analyses. Additionally, younger professionals engaged in higher levels of patient advocacy than older professionals, and social workers engaged in greater patient advocacy than nurses. Limitations and the utility of these findings for acute-care hospitals are discussed.