Grote Reber

Cosmic static at 144 meters wavelength

Abstract A radio map of the southern sky shows a very bright background crossed by absorption clouds of ionized hydrogen in the plane of the Milky Way. The bright background may represent the energy extracted from light as it travels through intergalactic space. The shift in spectral lines of visible light may be explained without relative motion. Small radio sources and diffraction patterns are described. Ionospheric phenomena due to sporadic E, meteors and pulsations from the antarctic are discussed.

Cosmic matter and the nonexpanding universe

The authors examine how some observations involving plasma physics in space are compatible with a recent red-shift theory. An increasingly large number of observations consistently reveal the existence of a much larger amount of intergalactic matter than presently accepted. A radio signal coming from directions between galaxies is discussed. An average density of matter in space of about 0.01 atom/cm/sup 3/ is derived. It is shown that this density of matter is compatible with many reliable observations. These results lead to a nonexpanding cosmological model. >

A Timeless, Boundless, Equilibrium Universe

For more than half a century the theory that the universe is expanding has dominated cosmology. All current cosmological theories, from the various Big Bang models to the various Steady State models, explicitly assume an expanding universe. The evidence in favour of an expanding universe is purely circumstantial, and is based on a “sheer assumption”, (Hubble 1936a) that red-shifts in the light received by an observer on Earth from distant objects are caused by relative motion and hence may be interpreted as Doppler shifts. Hubble (1936b) continues: “…the ever expanding model … seems rather dubious”, and “On the other hand, if the recession factor is dropped, if red-shifts are not primarily velocity-shifts, the picture is simple and plausible. There is no evidence of expansion and no restriction of time-scale, no trace of spatial curvature and no limitations of spatial dimensions.” (Hubble 1936c). These statements are as true today as they were in 1936.

Cosmic ray astronomy

Abstract Seven years data from underground muon telescopes are analyzed for components of 24h00m, 23h56m, 23h52m, 24h04m, and 24h08m mean solar time. Repeatable daily time-count profiles are obtained for the first two periods. Their count amplitudes are respectively 0.187 and 0.098 per cent. Both components have standard errors of 0.002 per cent. The last three periods gave amplitudes less than 0.02 per cent. The 24h00m period has a sharp maximum near 16 hour local time. The 23h56m period has a broad maximum at about 0700 right ascension which is split into two peaks at 0430 RA and 0900 RA. Suggestions are outlined for future development. It is recommended that the harmonic dial representation be abandoned in favor of true celestial surveying.

Hectometer cosmic static

A review is made of radio astronomy development starting with Jansky at 15-m wavelength and progressing to 30, 60, 144, 576, and 2100 m. Electromagnetic wave propagation through the ionosphere by the O, X, Z, and Y modes including various aberrations is discussed. Methods of overcoming atmospherics are outlined. Preliminary findings at hectometer waves and the cosmological implications are mentioned. The different outlook upon the structure of the universe appears to be a more enticing aspect of the study than details about the contents of the Milky Way. Equipment technology is entirely omitted. A comprehensive list of references to the literature is included, along with four figures.

Antenna Focal Devices for Parabolic Mirrors

The purpose and general nature of the receiving pattern are discussed. The results of calculations for the resistance and reactance of wide-angle cone antennas in free space are given. Several cone antennas in hemispherical enclosures have been measured and the impedance and phase-angle curves are shown. These results indicate that cylinders are more desirable than cones; therefore, two cylindrical antennas in hemispheres are tested. The results of investigation show that by making the antenna more slender and providing fine tips: (a) the radiation resistance is increased, (b) the rate of change of phase angle at resonance is increased, and (c) the resonant frequency is lowered.

Optimum Design of Toroidal Inductances

This paper gives the development of formulas for optimum design of single turn toroidal inductances to be used in ultra-high-frequency tank circuits. Two fundamental types of inductances are analyzed. Equations and curves for condition of maximum Q and parallel resistance R′ are set forth. The determination of radio-frequency resistance, operating conditions, and possible uses are discussed.

Radioastronomy through an artificial ionospheric window: Spacelab 2 observations

Abstract Observations of the galactic background radio emission at a number of frequencies between 2.75 MHz and 0.51 MHz were made in association with the Spacelab-2 plasma depletion experiments to test the concept of making low frequency observations through an artificially created window. Following the Shuttle OMS burn at a time when foF2 was 1.99 MHz, a decrease in the maximum ionospheric electron density of approximately 30% occurred. The first observations of the radio emission at 1.704 MHz at high galactic latitudes with good angular resolution (25 degrees) were made during this event.

Reversed bean vines

SummaryArtificial reversal of the direction of coiling in two species of bean vine caused an increase in the weight ratio of beans to shucks. The reversed vines produced twice the percentage of inverted colour beans.