Grover S. Krantz
Washington State University
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Current Anthropology | 2001
Julien Riel-Salvatore; Geoffrey A. Clark; Iain Davidson; William Noble; Francesco d'Errico; Marian Vanhaeren; Robert H. Gargett; Erella Hovers; Anna Belfer-Cohen; Grover S. Krantz; Lars Larsson; Alexander Marshack; Margherita Mussi; Lawrence Guy Straus; Anne-Marie Tillier
Comparison of mortuary data from the Middle and Early Upper Paleolithic archaeological record shows that, contrary to previous assessments, there is much evidence for continuity between the two periods. This suggests that if R. H. Gargetts critique of alleged Middle Paleolithic burials is to be given credence, it should also be applied to the burials of the Early Upper Paleolithic. Evidence for continuity reinforces conclusions derived from lithic and faunal analyses and site locations that the Upper Paleolithic as a reified category masks much variation in the archaeological record and is therefore not an appropriate analytical tool. Dividing the Upper Paleolithic into Early and Late phases might be helpful for understanding the cultural and biological processes at work.
Current Anthropology | 1980
Grover S. Krantz; Robert L. Blakely; Alice M. Brues; Carleton S. Coon; Dean Falk; Mark S. Fleisher; Maciej Henneberg; Gordon W. Hewes; W. W. Howells; Doris F. Jonas; Jeffrey T. Laitman; Marjorie LeMay; Frank B. Livingstone; Iwataro Morimoto; Aly El-Nofely; Georges Olivier; Ordean J. Oyen; J. Anthony Paredes; G. Philip Rightmire; Raymond Riquet; Chris Stringer; Andor Thoma; Thomas Wynn
Middle Pleistocene erectus skulls differ from ours in fifteen discrete traits, primary among which are their smaller cranial capacities, flatter and more strongly constructed braincases, larger and more anteriorly projecting faces, and inflected mastoid processes. Back to 40,000 years ago all fossil hominids are of the sapiens desing, while all those clearly older show the erectus pattern. Except for their large brains, Neandertals are of the erectus type. The sapiens differences (many of them mal-adaptive in themselves) follow directly, for biomechanical reasons, from an elongation of the pharynx and indicate full development of speech as the delivery system for laguage. The archeological record at the same time showns a worldwide change of increased tool complexity, geographical localization of desings, and increased rate of change. Faster and easier transmission of information by the vocal medium would increase culture content and would facilitate building flexible social organizations. The final step in developing vocal language would be the phonemic priciple of using meaningless sounds in meaningful combinations. This invention would transform vocalizations from calls with fixed meanings into a more flexible and rapid form of communication. Phonemic speech would spread by diffusion because all erectus would be able to use it to some degree. All populations would then select for the same vocal anatomy and consequent cranial changes that best facilitate speech behavior. This accounts for the speed of transformation and the continuity of line traits through it.
Human Evolution | 1995
Grover S. Krantz
Homo erectus fossils can be divided into four zoogeographic zones that show different rates of endocranial expansion during the Pleistocene. When these are also grouped into three time levels, we find small increases from early to middle forms, and regularly greater increases from middle to late forms. These increases fit a regular pattern that also accomodates all archaic types, including Neandertals, as late subspecies ofH. erectus.
Human Evolution | 1993
Grover S. Krantz
ClassifyingHomo erectus into subspecies can be based on either temporal or geographical differences, but there is no accepted system for using both. This can be done with subspecies names consisting of two elements — a prefix ofneo, meso, orpaleo to indicate grade, followed by a geographical term ofeuropus, africus, sinicus, orindicus to indicate line. Thus Rhodesian isHomo erectus neoafricus, Ngandong isHomo erectus neoindicus, Peking isHomo erectus mesosinicus, ER 3733 isHomo erectus paleoafricus, etc.
Human Evolution | 1991
Grover S. Krantz
The original hominoid brachiators probably used typical terrestrial quadrupedalism as their alternate mode of ground locomotion. The development of knuckle walking made possible a shortening of the flexor muscles to improve the hand grip for more efficient arm-swinging. Bipedalism equally served to free the hands from palmar application to the ground, and likewise permits manual flexor shortening. Recently discovered australopithecine limb bones may be interpreted as indicating a primarily arboreal adaptation, emphasizing brachiation, with bipedalism being no more than an alternate mode. Thus the origin of bipedal adaptations might be viewed not as a means of leaving the trees, but rather as a step in perfecting brachiation.
Reviews in Anthropology | 1975
Grover S. Krantz
William W. Howells. Evolution of the Genus Homo. Reading, Mass.: Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 1973. 180 pp. Illustrations, Bibliography, and index.
Current Anthropology | 1973
Gordon W. Hewes; R. J. Andrew; Louis Carini; Hackeny Choe; R. Allen Gardner; A. Kortlandt; Grover S. Krantz; Glen McBride; Fernando Nottebohm; John Pfeiffer; Duane G. Rumbaugh; Horst D. Steklis; Michael J. Raliegh; Roman Stopa; Akira Suzuki; S. L. Washburn; Roger W. Wescott
3.95 (paper). Frank E. Poirier. Fossil Man: An Evolutionary Journey. St. Louis: C. V. Mosby Company, 1973. xvii + 219 pp. Illustrations, bibliography, glossary, and index.
Current Anthropology | 1968
Grover S. Krantz
6.50 (paper).
Current Anthropology | 1980
Grover S. Krantz
Current Anthropology | 1993
Richard G. Milo; Duane Quiatt; Leslie C. Aiello; Robbins Burling; David W. Frayer; Robert H. Gargett; Kathleen R. Gibson; Steve Jessee; Jenny Kien; Grover S. Krantz; Elizabeth H. Peters; Sonia Ragir; Ron Wallace; Roger W. Wescott; Lucy Wilson; Milford H. Wolpoff; Thomas Wynn