Grzegorz Król

Values, Economics, and Proenvironmental Attitudes in 22 Societies

Using data provided by the 1993 International Social Survey Programme, the authors examine the relationship between economic factors, values, and environmental attitudes both at the societal level and the individual level. They tested the hypothesis derived from Inglehart that postmaterialist values mediate the relationship between economics and support for the environment. In a multilevel analysis, they also explored whether the relationship between individuals’ income and their attitudes toward the environment varies as a function of societal-level indicators. Results demonstrate that economic factors predicted proenvironmental attitudes at the societal level and less so at the individual level, but at neither level was the influence of economic factors mediated through postmaterialist values. Further, a society’s recent economic growth, but not current levels of economic development, predicted to what extent individuals’ proenvironmental views were linked to their personal economic resources.

Aloe-Emodin Influence on the Lysosomal Compartment of Hela Cells

Background: Aloe-emodin belongs to the group of anthraquinones having extremely high biological activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the range of morphological and biochemical changes in HeLa cells treated with aloe-emodin, especially with regard to the lysosomal compartment. Methods: Marking of lysosomes was performed with neutral red staining for conventional light microscopy and acridine orange staining for confocal microscopy. To evaluate ctivity of lysosomal enzymes and permeability of the lysosomal membrane, spectrophotometric techniques were employed. Results: Aloe-emodin caused increased permeability of lysosomal membranes in HeLa cells, expressed inter alia by extinction of the orange color of acridine orange (lysosomal marker) and in reduction of neutral red uptake by lysosomes. These changes are accompanied by release of cathepsins from the interior of the lysosomes with a simultaneous highly significant increase in their activity in the cytoplasm. Conclusion: The results indicate that aloe-emodin can activate lysosomal pathway-dependent apoptosis in HeLa cells.

Ten Pitfalls of Research Practices in Management Science

This essay-like text discusses 10 pitfalls in the analysis of data in management science: (1) Too small a number of experimental studies; (2) Ignoring the specifics of the research object; (3) Lack of standard operationalizations; (4) Weakness of measurement ; (5) Weakness of data analyses; (6) Too high a level of generality of theory and too few replications; (7) Misinterpretation of the outcomes of statistical analyses; (8) Reviewers’ expectation regarding the samples and hypotheses testing; (9) Missing “time” in the list of predictors; (10) Wrong standards of publication. Most of these risks apply also to psychological and sociological research.

Konsekwencje wyboru typu skali odpowiedzi w badaniach ankietowych

Podejmowane cz sto bezrefleksyjnie decyzje dotycz ce wyboru skali odpowiedzi maj istotne konsekwencje, poniewa respondent musi transponowa swoj „prywatn ” skal do ro nicowania w dostarczon przez badacza. Ta transpozycja wyznacza jego styl odpowiadania na pytania (response style). Analizuj c dane empiryczne z 5 bada , pokazali my, e: (1) respondenci maj zro nicowane preferencje co do d ugo ci skali odpowiedzi (niektorzy preferuj skale krotkie {TAK, NIE}, inni wol wielopunktowe); (2) liczby odpowiedzi skrajnych w ro nych technikach pomiarowych koreluj wysoko dodatnio mi dzy sob , wi c preferencj odpowiedzi skrajnych mo na uzna za cech stylu odpowiadania respondenta. W artykule przedstawili my te argumenty przemawiaj ce za 4 tezami: (1) Wska niki zbudowane z odpowiedzi na skalach szacunkowych mog by traktowane jako zmienne ilo ciowe; (2) Nale y unika odpowiedzi rodkowej na skali odpowiedzi, pozwalaj c jednak na udzielenie odpowiedzi beztre ciowej; (3) Odpowiedzi beztre ciowe (nie wiem, nie mam zdania) powinny si pojawia na ko cu skali, a nie w rodku; (4) Kszta t rozk adu wska nika zbudowanego z odpowiedzi na wiele pyta zale y od liczby punktow na skali odpowiedzi.

Evaluation of grant proposals and abstracts – the influence of individual evaluation style on ratings

In this article we present an outline of psychological model of evaluation and results of ratings analysis for 673 abstracts submitted to international conference and 323 grant proposals. In both cases one evaluator (reviewer) evaluated many proposals or abstracts, which allowed us to demonstrate individual evaluation style (for 18 grant proposals evaluators and 33 abstract reviewers), operationalized by leniency/severity level and degree of ratings differentiation. We showed as well relation between rank order and severity rating (first 15 abstracts were rated more severely than others). It is suggested that this relation can be explained by two alternative explanations: stabilization of implicit comparative standard and fatigue.W artykule przedstawiamy zarys psychologicznego modelu ewaluacji oraz wynik analizy ocen 673 abstraktow zg oszonych na mi dzynarodow konferencj i 323 projektow badawczych. W obu przypadkach jeden ewaluator (recenzent) dokonywa oceny wielu projektow lub abstraktow, co pozwoli o na wykazanie wp ywu indywidualnych stylow ewaluacji (dla 18 ewaluatorow projektow badawczych i 33 recenzentow abstraktow), operacjonalizowanych przez poziom agodno ci/surowo ci i stopie ro nicowania ocen. Pokazano tak e zwi zek kolejno ci oceniania z surowo ci ocen (pierwsze 15 abstraktow ocenianych by o surowiej ni reszta), co zinterpretowano za pomoc dwoch alternatywnych wyja nie : stabilizacji utajonego wzorca porownawczego oraz zm czenia.