Guang Ming Li

World Expo 2010 Promotes the Reduction in Carbon Emissions of Urban Transport

Transport sector is one of the main sources of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Comprehensive countermeasures are needed in cities to mitigate transport GHG emissions. After reviewing green traffic measures that implemented by Shanghai since bidding for Expo 2010, this paper analyzes the achievement that Shanghai has made in carbon mitigation. The results showed that travel demand management and the constrcution public transportation infrastructure promoted by the event played a vital role in promoting mode shift to form public transport oriented traffic system. Carbon emission intensity of Shanghais urban transport declined steadily from 1.66 kg/trip to 1.55 kg/trip. The CO2 reduction attributable to mode shifts amounted to 4.99 million tons. It demonstrated that Shanghai Expo has promoted the city in carbon emission reduction through public transport improvement, new energy vehicles innovation, car growth restriction measures and green commuting initiate.

Characteristics of Food Residue in Accordance with Catering Habits

Food residue is receiving increasing attention because of its large quantity of production, wide generation and potential environmental hazards. The characteristics of food residue vary greatly with catering habits. In order to study the composition characteristics of food residue, and to determine the reasonable treatment technologies, ten types of catering habits in Shanghai were sampled, and experimental research was conducted by means of analyzing the variation of moisture content, volatile solid, C/N ratio, salt content and metal elements. The results showed that moisture content varied greatly in accordance with catering habits, while VS/TS ratio was comparatively stable, ranging from 90.60% to 96.17%. The C/N ratio and salt content fluctuated with the change of catering habits, and the highest value was from Sichuan cuisine restaurants and local cuisine restaurants, respectively. Among the four metal elements, Mg had the highest content, followed by Al, and both Fe and Zn accounted for little content in food residue.

Heavy Metal Pollution in the Surface Dust from E-Waste Disposal Place and its Ecological Risk Assessment

Six specific types of surface dusts were collected from different e-waste disposal areas in Shanghai, China for the determination of toxic metals including Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr and Cu. These samples were obtained from interior of home appliance, second-hand household appliance maintaining store, open manual dissembling yard, enclosed electronic waste warehouse, enclosed dissembling workshop, as well as outside yard of plant. ICP-AES analyzing results revealed that metal concentrations in dust from home appliance interior and second-hand household appliance maintaining store were obviously higher than the soil background values. And the metal concentrations of dusts from open manual dissembling yard were similar to enclosed electronic waste warehouse. The concentrations of Pb, Zn and Cu in dust from enclosed dissembling workshop were about 3646.10, 3485.23 and 4049.70 mg/kg, which were respectively 9, 19 and 45 times higher than outside yard of plant. The potential ecological risks of metal pollution in these dusts were analyzed by estimating the distribution characterization of samples and the heavy metals. The results showed that potential ecological risk of Cu was the highest, and then was the Cd, Cr was the least. The ecological risk indexes of metals in dusts from enclosed dissembling workshop, home appliance interior and second-hand household appliance maintained store were considered to be significantly healthy harm, while those from open manual dissembling yard and enclosed electronic waste warehouse were relatively less harm.

Study on Kitchen Waste Characteristics of Different Catering Types in Shanghai

The increasing amount of kitchen waste (KW) has raised great concerns for the environmental risk and health issues. It is necessary that some technologies are utilized for managing and treating KW. For proper technology and operation of treating KW, the general composition characteristics of KW were investigated in accordance with different catering types. KW from different catering types (Restaurant, Noshery, Snack bar and Canteen) in Shanghai was sampled for each season in a year. All sampling was carried out 3 days repeatedly and performed after pre-treatment in order to obtain more homogeneous and representative samples. The moisture and VS/TS ratio of KW for different catering types is more than 70% and 89%, respectively. High VS/TS value indicates that KW is suitable for composting and biodegradation. The pH value of KW is lower than 7 for each catering type and drink shop gets the lowest pH (3.47). The total amount of fat, protein and carbonhydrate is over 90% for all the samples and high content of fat and protein indicates that KW can be used as the raw materials for feed process.

Application of Mathematical Programming Method for Water Supply and Recycle Network in Titanium Pigment

Water integration method is widely used in water minimization. Water minimization has great benefits to environmental and industrial sustainability. Both freshwater consumption and wastewater discharge can be minimized by practicing water system integration. Sulfate process (SP) is an important and mature method to produce titanium dioxide (TiO2) pigment. A large amount of water is consumed and a large quantity of effluent is discharged, which may cause water resource waste and serious environmental pollution. The paper presents Mathematical Optimization Method for water minimization of a titanium pigment plant event in China. The result of this study shows that mathematical optimization method has been effectively applied for the titanium pigment plant, and the freshwater consumption is reduced by 45.97 %.

Shanghai's CO2 Emissions and Policy Implication for Low Carbon Construction

Cities are the main contributors of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions. Comprehensive countermeasures are needed in cities to mitigate GHGs emissions. The aim of this paper is to study the results that Shanghai achieved in carbon mitigation by comprehensive green measures. It demonstrated that Shanghai has made significant progress in carbon emission reduction through technological innovation, industrial structure adjustment, and energy efficiency improvement in recent years. The results showed that Shanghais energy related CO2 intensity reduced to 1.14 t/104 yuan in 2010, owing to adjustments in energy structure and industry structure. It also showed that Shanghai had made abundant reduction in carbon emissions in the past few years. 9.2 million tons of CO2 reductions were obtained in industry, transportation, and building in the city level. Among them, reductions in industrial sector and transportation were the major contributors. Further efforts should be taken to realize a low carbon future.

Study on the Oxidation and Degradation of Phenol Wastewater by Synthetic Cryptomelane

A well-crystallized cryptomelane-like material (α-MnO2) has been synthesized by redox reaction between Mn2+ and MnO4- under acid condition at certain temperature. This composite material was characterized by X-ray diffraction, volumetric (N2 adsorption-desorption) and scanning electron microscopic analysis, as well as the Laser Raman spectroscopy. Synthetic cryptomelane was used in the oxidation of hydroxylation of phenol in order to study the oxidation activity. The result showed that the degradation rate of 50 mL of 100 mg/L phenol could recch to nearly 100%, under the conditions of pH 2.0, 3 g/L of synthetic cryptomelane with the grain size of 120~160 mesh, and the reaction time of 5 h at room temperature. The treated wastewater has achieved the industrial wastewater discharge standard. Moreover, the economic cost of synthetic cryptomelane was cheaper and the treatment effect of phenol becomed better. Therefore, the synthetic cryptomelane is believed to have a bright prospect in the development of industrial sewage treatment.