Guang Wen Sun

Effect of Ammonium and Nitrate Ratio on Nutritional Quality of Chinese Kale

Effect of ammonium and nitrate ratio (0:100, 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25) on nutritional quality of Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra Bailey) with 3 cultivars were studied in hydroponics. The results indicated that, the Vitamin C content in product organ (leaf and stalk) of Chinese kale was decreased by the enhancement of ammonium in nutrient solution, and the decrease was not significant for 25% enhancement of ammonium. 25% ammonium enhancement increased the soluble sugar content in product organ significantly, compared with other treatments. Free amino acids and protein content of Chinese kale increased gradually with the increasing of ammonium proportion in nutrient solution. Integrated nutritional quality of Chinese kale in 25% ammonium enhancement treatment was better than others under hydroponics condition.

Effect of Ammonium and Nitrate Ratio on Nutritional Quality of Flowering Chinese Cabbage

Effect of ammonium and nitrate ratios (0:100, 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25) on nutritional quality of flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee) with 3 cultivars were studied in hydroponics. The results indicated that, with the increasing of ammonium proportion in nutrient solution, the soluble sugar content in product organ of flowering Chinese cabbage increased gradually, but Vc content decreased gradually. Enhancement of ammonium by 25% or 50% in nutrient solution increased the soluble protein content in leaf significantly, while it increased gradually in stalk with the increasing of ammonium proportion. Free amino acids in product organ of flowering Chinese cabbage were improved significantly by enhancement of ammonium in nutrient solution. Integrated nutritional quality of flowering Chinese cabbage in 25% ammonium enhancement treatment was better than others under hydroponics condition.

Effects of Nano-Devices on Growth, Quality and Activities of Enzymes in Nitrogen Metabolism of Hydroponic Lettuce

To improve yield and quality of lettuce in hydroponic, the growth, quality and activities of enzymes in nitrogen metabolism of lettuce in hydroponics were studied with nanodevices. The results showed that the nitrate reductase activities (NRA) in plants with nanodevices were significantly higher than the control at 16rd day after transplanting (DAT). On the 25th DAT, the shoot fresh weight of lettuce treated with 5.6cm2/L nanodevices was 17.8% higher than the control, while there was no difference in dry weights of shoot among different treatments. The NRA of lettuce increased gradually with the amount of nanodevices increasing from 0 cm2/L to 5.6 cm2/L, then decreased with nanodevices amount increasing. There was no obvious difference in the activities of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) among different treatments,while glutamine synthase (GS) activity was enhanced with the increasing of nanodevices amount. On the 34th DAT, the shoot fresh weight of lettuce treated by 5.6cm2/L nanodevices was 11.2% higher than the control. The activities of NR and GS treated by 11.2cm2/L increased 39.7%, 97.7%, respectively compared with CK, while the activities of GDH and GOGAT treated by 5.6cm2/L increased 89.0%, 77.3%, respectively. In treatment with 5.6 cm2/L nanodevices in nutrient solution, the contents of soluble protein, flavonoid, soluble phenolic and ascorbic acid (VC) in lettuce increased 92.8%, 19.8%, 36.7% and 61.5%, respectively.The nitrate content in lettuce significantly increased with the using of nanodevices, but did not exceed the national standard. In conclusion, the yield and quality of hydroponic lettuce were improved by nanodevices, and the activities of enzymes in nitrogen metabolism were enhanced, especially at 25th and 34th DAT and best dosage of nanodevices is 5.6 cm2/L.

Effect of Ammonium and Nitrate Ratios on Growth and Yield of Chinese Kale

The effect of different ammonium and nitrate ratios (NH4+-N : NO3--N = 0:100, 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25) on growth and yield of Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra Bailey) with 3 cultivars were studied in hydroponics. The results indicated that, compared with the complete nitrate treatment, plant height, stem diameter and biomass of Chinese kale were increased in the low enhancement of ammonium (25%) in nutrient solution, while plant growth and biomass were decreased in the medium (50%) and high (75%) enhancement of ammonium. Ammonium enhancement treatments increased the root/shoot ratio of Chinese kale. Low enhancement of ammonium (25%) in nutrient solution had no significant effect on root activity of Chinese kale, while it was decreased by the medium (50%) and high (75%) enhancement of ammonium treatments. Nutrient solution with 25% ammonium enhancement maintained a high root absorption capacity and increased plant biomass, so it was appropriate to hydroponics for Chinese kale.

Effect of Calcium Nutrient on Calcium Distribution and Ultrastructure of Cell and Chloroplast in Bunching Onion Leaf

Effect of calcium nutrient on calcium distribution and ultrastructure of cell and chloroplast in Bunching Onion (Allium fistulosum L. var. caespitosum Makino) leaf was studied in sands with 4 Ca2+ treatments (0, 40, 80 and 160 mg/L ), in which the solution was Hoaglands. Localization and distribution of calcSuperscript textium and the influence of calcium nutrition on cell ultrastructure were observed by transmission electron microscopy combined with in situ precipitation of calcium with potassium pyroantimonate technique. The results showed that Ca2+ were mainly located in cell membrane, vacuoles, envelope of chloroplast and intercellular space in normal cells of bunching onion, however, Ca2+ was found to compartment in cytosol in large quantity, and the release of membrane-associated Ca2+ to cytosol and wall-associated Ca2+ to the intercellular spaces was observed in Ca-deficient leaves. In serious Ca-deficient leaves, Ca2+ quantities in cell decreased. Under Ca-deficiency, chloroplast membranes, plasma membranes and nuclear membranes were damaged, and cell walls disassociated, an enlarged space could be found between cells. In serious Ca-deficient leaves, cell compartmentation was destroyed, chloroplast deformed, plasma separated from cell wall, then whole cell constricted.

Effect of Biological Organic Fertilizer on Plant Growth and Yield of Chinese Kale

A substrate culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of different biological organic fertilizer levels (control: zero fertilization, low level, medium level and high level) on plant growth and yield of Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra Bailey). Results showed that compared with control, treatments of medium and high fertilization increased the leaf number, plant height, stem diameter, yield and plant dry matter of Chinese kale. Thus they promoted plant growth. The fertilizer utilization ratio of Chinese kale was the lowest for low fertilization treatment, and it was the highest for medium fertilization treatment, while it was decreased for high fertilization treatment. The treatment of medium level fertilization (30g/plant) promoted plant growth and increased the yield of Chinese kale; also it had the highest fertilizer use efficiency. So it was the appropriate organic fertilization amount for Chinese kale production.

Effect of Color Shading-Nets on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Chieh-Qua Seedling

With uncovered net as a control, the effect of color shading-nets (red net, blue net and silver net) and ordinary black net on growth and physiological characteristics of Chieh-qua (Benincasa hispida Cogn.var. chieh-qua How.) seedling were studied. The result showed that, shading-net covering reduced light intensity and temperature, and increased air humidity of the seedling environment, compared with the control. Shading-net covering increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and biomass of Chieh-qua seedling, among which covering of blue and silver shading-nets were superior to the others. Root/shoot ratio and strong seedling index were the biggest under blue net treatment, thus it indicated that blue net covering promoted seedling haleness. Specific leaf weight of Chieh-qua seedling was reduced by covering shading-net. In addition to silver net, leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids content were significantly increased by another 3 covering shading-nets. Relative conductivity (RC), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and peroxydase (POD) activity of Chieh-qua seedling leaf were significantly reduced by shading-net covering. This indicated that shading-net covering in seeding nursery alleviated the stress of intensive light and high temperature, and thus increased the integrated seedling quality. Blue shading-net performed the best among all covering shading-nets.

Effect of Nitrogen and Sulphur on the Growth and Qualities of Bunching Onion

Effects of nitrogen and sulphur [N3.75S0.35 (N 3.75 mmol/L, S 0.35mmol/L), N3.75S4.2(N 3.75 mmol/L, S 4.2mmol/L), N7.5S1.4(N 7.5 mmol/L, S 1.4mmol/L), N22.5S0.35(N 22.5 mmol/L, S 0.35mmol/L)] on the growth and quality of in bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L. var. caespeitosum Makino) were studied in hydroponics, in which the solution was Hoaglands. The results showed that the growth of bunching onion in N7.5S1.4 treatment was better than in other treatments. With nitrogen increasing, the growth of bunching onion enhanced at the same sulphur level, and the growth of bunching onion enhanced by sulphur increase at the same nitrogen level. Concentrations of chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid in N7.5S1.4 treatment were highest. With nitrogen and sulphur increasing, concentration of soluble protein and nitrate in bunching onion increased. While concentration of soluble sugar decreased with nitrogen increased.

Study on Autotoxicity of Aqueous Extracts from Different Parts of Flowering Chinese Cabbage

Autotoxicity of aqueous extracts from roots, stems and leaves of flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee) were studied by hydroponic in different concentrations (0.5g/L, 2g/L, 5g/L). The results showed that in solution with aqueous extracts from roots, stems and leaves, the growth of flowering Chinese cabbage were inhibited, leaf chlorophyll content declined, photosynthesis rate were affected, activities of SOD, POD and CAT were changed, MDA concentration increased, thus cell membrane permeability of flowering Chinese cabbage was damaged. The autotoxicity of aqueous extracts in flowering Chinese cabbage increased with the extracts concentration increasing.

Effect of Color Shading Nets on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Flowering Chinese Cabbage

The effect of color shading-nets (red net, blue net and silver net) and ordinary black net on plant growth and nutrient uptake of flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee) were studied, with no net shading as the control. The results indicated that, compared with the control, red net covering increased plant height, leaf area and stem diameter of flowering Chinese cabbage. Red and blue nets covering enhanced the above ground fresh weight, while the silver and black nets covering decreased the above ground fresh weight. Shading net covering significantly improved the nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) content of flowering Chinese cabbage, while it had no significant effect on the phosphorus (P) content. Red and blue nets covering enhanced mineral nutrients uptake, while it was decreased under silver and black nets covering. Red and blue nets covering promoted plant growth and nutrients uptake of flowering Chinese cabbage and could be widely applied in leaf vegetable production.