Guangcai Zhang

Two-dimensional lattice Boltzmann model for compressible flows with high Mach number

In this paper we present an improved lattice Boltzmann model for compressible Navier–Stokes system with high Mach number. The model is composed of three components: (i) the discrete-velocity-model by M. Watari and M. Tsutahara [Phys. Rev. E 67 (2003) 036306], (ii) a modified Lax–Wendroff finite difference scheme where reasonable dissipation and dispersion are naturally included, (iii) artificial viscosity. The improved model is convenient to compromise the high accuracy and stability. The included dispersion term can effectively reduce the numerical oscillation at discontinuity. The added artificial viscosity helps the scheme to satisfy the von Neumann stability condition. Shock tubes and shock reflections are used to validate the new scheme. In our numerical tests the Mach numbers are successfully increased up to 20 or higher. The flexibility of the new model makes it suitable for tracking shock waves with high accuracy and for investigating nonlinear nonequilibrium complex systems.

Multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann approach to compressible flows with flexible specific-heat ratio and Prandtl number

A new multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann scheme for compressible flows with arbitrary specific-heat ratio and Prandtl number is presented. In the new scheme, which is based on a two-dimensional 16-discrete-velocity model, the kinetic moment space and the corresponding transformation matrix are constructed according to the seven-moment relations associated with the local-equilibrium distribution function. In the continuum limit, the model recovers the compressible Navier-Stokes equations with flexible specific-heat ratio and Prandtl number. Numerical experiments show that compressible flows with strong shocks can be simulated by the present model up to Mach numbers Ma~5.

Multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann model for compressible fluids

Abstract We present an energy-conserving multiple-relaxation-time finite difference lattice Boltzmann model for compressible flows. The collision step is first calculated in the moment space and then mapped back to the velocity space. The moment space and corresponding transformation matrix are constructed according to the group representation theory. Equilibria of the nonconserved moments are chosen according to the need of recovering compressible Navier–Stokes equations through the Chapman–Enskog expansion. Numerical experiments showed that compressible flows with strong shocks can be well simulated by the present model. The new model works for both low and high speeds compressible flows. It contains more physical information and has better numerical stability and accuracy than its single-relaxation-time version.

Lattice Boltzmann study of thermal phase separation: Effects of heat conduction, viscosity and Prandtl number

We investigate the effects of heat conduction, viscosity, and Prandtl number on thermal liquid-vapor separation via a lattice Boltzmann model for van der Waals fluids. The set of Minkowski measures on the density field enables to divide exactly the stages of the spinodal decomposition (SD) and domain growth. The duration tSD of the SD stage decreases with increasing the heat conductivity κT but increases with increasing the viscosity η. The two relations can be fitted by tSD=a+b/κT and tSD=c+dη+(eη)3, respectively, where a, b, c, d and e are fitting parameters. For fixed Prandtl number Pr, when η is less than a critical value ηc, tSD shows an inverse power-law relationship with η. However, when η>ηc, tSD for Pr>1 shows qualitatively different behavior. From the evolution of the Peclet number Pe, the separation procedure can also be divided into two stages. During the first stage, the convection effects become more dominant with time over those of the diffusivity, while they are reverse in the second stage.

Prandtl number effects in MRT lattice Boltzmann models for shocked and unshocked compressible fluids

For compressible fluids under shock wave reaction, we have proposed two Multiple-Relaxation-Time (MRT) Lattice Boltzmann (LB) models [F. Chen, et al, EPL \textbf{90} (2010) 54003; Phys. Lett. A \textbf{375} (2011) 2129.]. In this paper, we construct a new MRT Lattice Boltzmann model which is not only for the shocked compressible fluids, but also for the unshocked compressible fluids. To make the model work for unshocked compressible fluids, a key step is to modify the collision operators of energy flux so that the viscous coefficient in momentum equation is consistent with that in energy equation even in the unshocked system. The unnecessity of the modification for systems under strong shock is analyzed. The model is validated by some well-known benchmark tests, including (i) thermal Couette flow, (ii) Riemann problem, (iii) Richtmyer-Meshkov instability. The first system is unshocked and the latter two are shocked. In all the three systems, the Prandtl numbers effects are checked. Satisfying agreements are obtained between new model results and analytical ones or other numerical results.

Lattice Boltzmann kinetic modeling and simulation of thermal liquid–vapor system

We present a highly efficient lattice Boltzmann (LB) kinetic model for thermal liquid–vapor system. Three key components are as below: (i) a discrete velocity model (DVM) by Kataoka et al. [Phys. Rev. E69, 035701(R) (2004)]; (ii) a forcing term Ii aiming to describe the interfacial stress and recover the van der Waals (VDW) equation of state (EOS) by Gonnella et al. [Phys. Rev. E76, 036703 (2007)] and (iii) a Windowed Fast Fourier Transform (WFFT) scheme and its inverse by our group [Phys. Rev. E84, 046715 (2011)] for solving the spatial derivatives, together with a second-order Runge–Kutta (RK) finite difference scheme for solving the temporal derivative in the LB equation. The model is verified and validated by well-known benchmark tests. The results recovered from the present model are well consistent with previous ones [Phys. Rev. E84, 046715 (2011)] or theoretical analysis. The usage of less discrete velocities, high-order RK algorithm and WFFT scheme with 16th-order in precision makes the model more efficient by about 10 times and more accurate than the original one.