Guangyi Zhang

Comparison between MBR and SBR on Anammox start-up process from the conventional activated sludge.

Anammox start-up performances from the conventional activated sludge were compared between a MBR and SBR. Both the reactors successfully started up Anammox process. The start-up period in the MBR (59 days) was notably shorter than that in the SBR (101 days), and the max nitrogen (NH(4)(+)+NO(2)(-)) removal capacity of 345.2 mg N L(-1) d(-1) in the MBR was also higher than that of 292.0 mg N L(-1) d(-1) in the SBR. FISH analysis showed that Anammox bacteria predominated in both reactors. Phylogenetic analysis further disclosed that the MBR had the better biodiversity of Anammox bacteria and gained a higher ecological stability. Generally, the results showed that MBR exhibited a more excellent performance for Anammox start-up.

Start-up and long-term operation of the Anammox process in a fixed bed reactor (FBR) filled with novel non-woven ring carriers

A novel kind of non-woven ring carriers was used to improve a fixed bed reactor (FBR) as Anammox reactor. The improved FBR was operated for about 1 year. The Anammox activity occurred on day 39. On day 367, the maximum total nitrogen removal rate reached 9.2 kg Nm(-3)d(-1). FISH analysis showed that Anammox bacteria predominated in the mature sludge and accounted for 78% of the total bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis further showed that Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis occupied 70% of Anammox bacteria, which benefited keeping the stability of Anammox reactor. The FBR was proved to be a suitable reactor for start-up and long-term operation of Anammox process.

The contrast study of anammox-denitrifying system in two non-woven fixed-bed bioreactors (NFBR) treating different low C/N ratio sewage

Two non-woven fixed-bed bioreactors (NFBR) based on different substrates (nitrite and nitrate) were constructed to study the environmental adaptability for temperature and organic matter of anammox-denitrifying system and nitrogen removal performance. The two reactors were successfully operated for 200 days. The average removal rates of nitrogen and COD of R2 were 81% and 93%, respectively. Besides, the nitrogen removal rate of R1 was 95% under not more than 105 mg/l of COD. The experimental results indicated that the R2 based on nitrate had a good nitrogen removal performance at room temperature (25 °C). Additionally, the analysis results of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that the percentage compositions of anammox in R1 and R2 were 84% and 65% on day 189. Finally, the possible nitrogen removal model of anammox-denitrifying system was constructed. According to nitrogen balance and C/N ratios of denitrification, the nitrogen removal approaches of R1 and R2 were obtained.

Membrane filtration biocathode microbial fuel cell for nitrogen removal and electricity generation.

Conductive materials with attached biofilms, were used as membrane filtration biocathodes to filter the effluent and supply electrons for denitrification. Stainless steel mesh and carbon felt were employed to fabricate membrane modules, and the two MFC systems were termed as M1 and M2, respectively. High effluent quality was obtained with M1 and M2 in terms of turbidity, COD and ammonium. In M1, no bioelectrochemical denitrification took place, while nitrate decreased from 35.88±4.15 to 27.33±5.32mg-N/L through the membrane in M2, causing a removal efficiency of 23.3±6.5% with respect to cathodic nitrate. The denitrification ceased without electricity. The maximum power densities of M1 and M2 were 121 and 1253mW/m(3), respectively. Micrococcus bacteria and rod-shaped bacteria covered the surface of carbon felt and fewer bacteria were found on stainless steel mesh. According to fluorescence in situ hybridization, the putative bacteria affiliated with Paracoccus genus and Pseudomonas spp. dominated in the interior biofilm on carbon felt for denitrification. Results demonstrate that the carbon felt system can perform bioelectrochemical denitrification to polish the effluent.