Guanwei Cui

Bifunctional combined Au-Fe2O3 nanoparticles for induction of cancer cell-specific apoptosis and real-time imaging

We demonstrate bifunctional combined Au-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles (NPs) for selectively induction of apoptosis in cancer cells and real-time imaging. The as-prepared Au-Fe(2)O(3) NPs combine the merits of both Au and γ-Fe(2)O(3) NPs, maintaining excellent fluorescence quenching property and catalytic activity. Conjugated with α(Ⅴ)β(3) integrin-targeting peptide (RGD) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled capsase-3 recognition sequence (DEVD) on the Au surface, the resulting RGD/FITC-DEVD-Au-Fe(2)O(3) NPs bind preferentially to integrin α(Ⅴ)β(3)-rich human liver cancer cells (HepG2), sequentially initiate catalytic formation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and enable the real-time monitoring of·OH-induced caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in these cancer cells. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of RGD/FITC-DEVD-Au-Fe(2)O(3) NPs is much higher than that of individual γ-Fe(2)O(3) NPs due to the polarization effect at the Au-Fe(2)O(3) interface. Such bifunctional Au-Fe(2)O(3) NPs exhibit simultaneous targeting, therapeutic and imaging functions and are therefore promising for future therapeutic applications in cancer.

1D Ni–Co oxide and sulfide nanoarray/carbon aerogel hybrid nanostructures for asymmetric supercapacitors with high energy density and excellent cycling stability

The fabrication of supercapacitor electrodes with high energy density and excellent cycling stability is still a great challenge. A carbon aerogel, possessing a hierarchical porous structure, high specific surface area and electrical conductivity, is an ideal backbone to support transition metal oxides and bring hope to prepare electrodes with high energy density and excellent cycling stability. Therefore, NiCo2S4 nanotube array/carbon aerogel and NiCo2O4 nanoneedle array/carbon aerogel hybrid supercapacitor electrode materials were synthesized by assembling Ni-Co precursor needle arrays on the surface of the channel walls of hierarchical porous carbon aerogels derived from chitosan in this study. The 1D nanostructures grow on the channel surface of the carbon aerogel vertically and tightly, contributing to the enhanced electrochemical performance with ultrahigh energy density. The energy density of NiCo2S4 nanotube array/carbon aerogel and NiCo2O4 nanoneedle array/carbon aerogel hybrid asymmetric supercapacitors can reach up to 55.3 Wh kg-1 and 47.5 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 400 W kg-1, respectively. These asymmetric devices also displayed excellent cycling stability with a capacitance retention of about 96.6% and 92% over 5000 cycles.

IR-Driven Photocatalytic Water Splitting with WO2–NaxWO3 Hybrid Conductor Material

An IR-driven photocatalytic water splitting system based on WO2-NaxWO3 (x > 0.25) hybrid conductor materials was established for the first time; this system can be directly applied in seawater. The WO2-NaxWO3 (x > 0.25) hybrid conductor material was readily prepared by a high-temperature reduction process of semiconductor NaxWO3 (x < 0.25) nanowire bundles. A novel ladder-type carrier transfer process is suggested for the established IR-driven photocatalytic water splitting system.

Rational design of carbon and TiO2 assembly materials: covered or strewn, which is better for photocatalysis?

The rational design of carbonaceous hybrid nanostructures is very important for obtaining high photoactivity. TiO2 particles strewn with an optimal quantity of carbon nanodots have a much higher photoactivity than that of TiO2 covered with a carbon layer, showing the importance of carbon morphology in the photocatalysis of carbonaceous hybrid nanostructures.

Defect-rich MoS2 nanowall catalyst for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction

Designing efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has attracted substantial attention owing to the urgent demand for clean energy to face the energy crisis and subsequent environmental issues in the near future. Among the large variety of HER catalysts, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been regarded as the most famous catalyst owing to its abundance, low price, high efficiency, and definite catalytic mechanism. In this study, defect-engineered MoS2 nanowall (NW) catalysts with controllable thickness were fabricated and exhibited a significantly enhanced HER performance. Benefiting from the highly exposed active edge sites and the rough surface accompanied by the robust NW structure, the defect-rich MoS2 NW catalyst with an optimized thickness showed an ultralow onset overpotential of 85 mV, a high current density of 310.6 mA·cm−2 at η = 300 mV, and a low potential of 95 mV to drive a 10 mA·cm−2 cathodic current. Additionally, excellent electrochemical stability was realized, making this freestanding NW catalyst a promising candidate for practical water splitting and hydrogen production.

Microcrystalline sodium tungsten bronze nanowire bundles as efficient visible light-responsive photocatalysts

Microcrystalline sodium tungsten bronze nanowire bundles were obtained via a facile hydrothermal synthesis, and were applied in water purification as visible-light-driven photocatalysts for the first time.

A Ni(OH)2–PtO2 hybrid nanosheet array with ultralow Pt loading toward efficient and durable alkaline hydrogen evolution

The design and development of highly active electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media is of significant importance. In this communication, we report the direct growth of an ultralow-Pt-content (Pt content: 5.1 wt%) Ni(OH)2–PtO2 hybrid nanosheet array on a Ti mesh (Ni(OH)2–PtO2 NS/Ti), carried out by hydrothermal treatment of a Ni(OH)2 nanosheet array on a Ti mesh (Ni(OH)2 NS/Ti) in the presence of [PtCl6]2−. When used as a 3D catalyst electrode for the HER, the resulting Ni(OH)2–PtO2 NS/Ti exhibits superior activity with the need of an overpotential of only 31.4 mV to deliver a geometrical catalytic current density of 4 mA cm−2 in 0.1 M KOH. Remarkably, this catalyst also shows strong long-term electrochemical durability for at least 100 h with a faradaic efficiency close to 100%. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the Ni(OH)2/PtO2 interface can promote the kinetics of H2O dissociation and tune the hydrogen adsorption free energy to a more moderate value, thereby promoting the HER.

Vertically Aligned Oxygen-Doped Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheets Grown on Carbon Cloth Realizing Robust Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

The catalytic activity of an electrocatalyst is determined by the density of active sites and the electric conductivity, namely, the density of electrically connected active sites. In this work, elemental incorporation, disorder engineering and material hybridization were applied to molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) simultaneously to realize a high-level synergistic optimization for both active sites and electric conductivity, achieving highly efficient hydrogen-evolving performance finally. Benefitting from the synergistic optimization, the vertically aligned oxygen-doped MoS2/carbon cloth catalyst shows an ultralow onset overpotential of 90 mV to initiate the HER process, and an extremely high catalytic current of 225 mA cm−2 was measured at an overpotential of 300 mV. Not only that, superior stability was also achieved, making this novel catalyst promising for practical applications such as electrolytic water splitting and a co-catalyst for photocatalytic/photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. The synergistic optimization strategy reported in this work would shed light on the systematic design of highly efficient electrocatalysts in the future.

Highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by P2ABSA-modified TiO2 nanocomposite due to the photosensitization synergetic effect of TiO2 and P2ABSA

To enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2, poly-2-aminobenzene sulfonic acid (P2ABSA)-modified TiO2 nanocomposites were successfully synthesized using an in situ oxidative polymerization method. The modified nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and a photocurrent test. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was chosen as a model reaction to evaluate the photocatalytic activities of TiO2 and P2ABSA/TiO2 nanocomposites, with results indicating that P2ABSA/TiO2 exhibited the higher activity. The apparent first-order rate constant, kapp, of P/T(2/1) was 0.0138 min−1, which was six times higher than that of TiO2 (0.0021 min−1). Meanwhile, the P2ABSA/TiO2 nanocomposites showed excellent photocatalytic stability, which was dependent on structural stability. A photocatalytic activity enhanced mechanism has been proposed, accounting for the photosensitization effect and synergetic effect of TiO2 with P2ABSA. Mass spectroscopy analysis showed that there were two possible degradation pathways for MB, via degradation of the chromophoric group or the auxochrome group.

MoO3 nanosheets for efficient electrocatalytic N2 fixation to NH3

The synthesis of NH3 heavily depends on the energy-intensive Haber–Bosch process with a large amount of greenhouse gas emission. Electrochemical reduction offers a carbon-neutral process to convert N2 to NH3 at ambient conditions, but requires efficient and stable catalysts for the N2 reduction reaction. Mo-dependent nitrogenases and synthetic molecular complexes have attracted increasing attention for N2 fixation; however, less attention has been paid to Mo-based nanocatalysts for electrochemical N2 conversion to NH3. Herein, we report that MoO3 nanosheets act as an efficient non-noble-metal catalyst for electrochemical N2 fixation to NH3 with excellent selectivity at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. In 0.1 M HCl, this catalyst exhibits remarkable NRR activity with an NH3 yield of 4.80 × 10−10 mol s−1 cm−2 (29.43 μg h−1 mgcat.−1) and a faradaic efficiency of 1.9%. Moreover, this catalyst also shows high electrochemical stability and durability. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the outermost Mo atoms serve as the active sites for effective N2 adsorption.