Gui Lohmann

Tourism and Transport Relationships: The Suppliers' Perspective in Gateway Destinations in New Zealand

This paper provides a supply-side perspective on how tourism development might be fostered by enhancing the links between tourism and transport. This question is explored by identifying issues raised by tourism suppliers relating to the Cook Strait ferry services between Wellington and Picton (New Zealand) and examining how visitation in these two gateways might be developed so that they have more of a destination function. Five major themes emerged; “the characteristics and products of contrasting places”; “sales and marketing”; “the implications of ferry cancelations”; “fast ferry speed restrictions and environmental impacts”; and “threats and opportunities from the creation of another gateway ferry port in Clifford Bay”. The question of destination development is thus extended by focusing on ferries, a less commonly studied mode of transport, drawing on the perspectives of tourism suppliers, stakeholders whose voice is rarely heard in the transport and tourism literature; and in studying places with multiple nodal functions.

Air transport and tourism – a systematic literature review (2000–2014)

This paper reviews the literature at the intersection between air transport and tourism research. While air transport and tourism are mutually dependent sectors, there is little research on their interaction. A systematic literature review method was used to select and analyse relevant journal articles published in 54 Australian Business Dean Council (ABDC) A*, A, or B-ranked journals from 2000 to 2014. Research themes, leading researchers, their institutions, and geographical locations are discussed. An extended framework for classification of the literature is developed through the content and thematic analysis. Among the identified research themes, ‘environment’, ‘passengers’, and ‘airlines’ are found to be the most common. The use of a systematic review has identified gaps in the literature and directions for future studies. Some of the identified areas that are showing a growing interest in the interrelationship between aviation and tourism include air route/service development; passenger experiences; low-cost carriers and their impact on tourism; implications of new direct long-haul flights; and carbon offsets.

The influence of international tourists' travel patterns on rental car fleet management in New Zealand

Information and communications technology (ICT) and the challenge of sustainable self-drive tourism[Extract] Although an important component of the tourism industry, researchers have generally shown little interest in undertaking research into drive tourism (Connell and Page 2008). The lack of research into the role of the car in shaping tourism demand and increasing the accessibility of many tourism resources is surprising. As Timothy (this volume) notes, cars carry more tourists in the US than any other mode of transport, a position that is echoed by the use of cars for leisure travel in Europe and other developed nations. Given this gap in the literature, the aim of this book is to present a scholarly and comprehensive review of drive tourism from a variety of perspectives. While the authors make no claim to an exhaustive treatment of every aspect of drive tourism, the book does bring together a range of drive tourism related research that we believe will assist to move the study of drive tourism from its current peripheral position to a more central place in the tourism research agenda.The independence of driving a car, camper van or even a motorcycle has become increasingly popular as a way for tourists to immerse themselves in a destination. Travel can be leisurely, and make ‘off the beaten track’ locations more accessible. However, driving an unfamiliar vehicle in an unfamiliar environment can have its problems. Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of accidental deaths and injuries for tourists worldwide. This chapter examines the issues of road safety for international tourists in Australia and provides recommendations for safe touring.1. Introduction Part 1: Aspects of Drive Tourism 2. Driving Safety: Major Issue for Tourists 3. 4WD Touring in Australia 4. Los Hermanos Visiting Brazil: differences Between Drive and Coach Tourists 5. 4WD Touring Clubs, Motivations and Destinations Part 2: Drive Segments 6. SUVs in the US 7. Why We Travel This Way: An Exploration into the Motivations of Recreational Vehicle Users 8. Caravanning in Australia 9. Images of the Drive 10. Touring Routes in Australia 11. The Savannah Guides: Establishment and Success 12. Rainforest Way Part 3: Destinations 13. Golden Week: Driving for Pleasure in Japan 14. Local Drive Tourism 15. Drive Tourism in South Africa 16. Realising the Value of Self-Drive Day Trips to Lower Austria 17. 4-Wheel Drive Tourism in the Peoples republic of China Part 4: Product 18. The Influence of International Tourists Travel Patterns on Rental Car Fleet Management in New Zealand 19. Marketing: Capturing the Drive Tourism Market 20. Motorcycle Touring 21. Technologies for Self-Drive Tourism Part 5: Management 22. Developing Maps for the Drive Tourism Sector 23. Planning, Building and Maintaining the Infrastructure of Drive Tourism 24. Product and Marketing Innovation in Australias Flinders Range 25. Exploring the Spatial Patterns of Car Based Tourism Travel in Loch Lomand and Trossachs National Park 26. Managing the Environmental Implications of Drive Tourism 27. Conclusion

'Los hermanos' visiting the south region of Brazil: a comparison between drive tourists and coach tourists from Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay

Information and communications technology (ICT) and the challenge of sustainable self-drive tourism[Extract] Although an important component of the tourism industry, researchers have generally shown little interest in undertaking research into drive tourism (Connell and Page 2008). The lack of research into the role of the car in shaping tourism demand and increasing the accessibility of many tourism resources is surprising. As Timothy (this volume) notes, cars carry more tourists in the US than any other mode of transport, a position that is echoed by the use of cars for leisure travel in Europe and other developed nations. Given this gap in the literature, the aim of this book is to present a scholarly and comprehensive review of drive tourism from a variety of perspectives. While the authors make no claim to an exhaustive treatment of every aspect of drive tourism, the book does bring together a range of drive tourism related research that we believe will assist to move the study of drive tourism from its current peripheral position to a more central place in the tourism research agenda.The independence of driving a car, camper van or even a motorcycle has become increasingly popular as a way for tourists to immerse themselves in a destination. Travel can be leisurely, and make ‘off the beaten track’ locations more accessible. However, driving an unfamiliar vehicle in an unfamiliar environment can have its problems. Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of accidental deaths and injuries for tourists worldwide. This chapter examines the issues of road safety for international tourists in Australia and provides recommendations for safe touring.1. Introduction Part 1: Aspects of Drive Tourism 2. Driving Safety: Major Issue for Tourists 3. 4WD Touring in Australia 4. Los Hermanos Visiting Brazil: differences Between Drive and Coach Tourists 5. 4WD Touring Clubs, Motivations and Destinations Part 2: Drive Segments 6. SUVs in the US 7. Why We Travel This Way: An Exploration into the Motivations of Recreational Vehicle Users 8. Caravanning in Australia 9. Images of the Drive 10. Touring Routes in Australia 11. The Savannah Guides: Establishment and Success 12. Rainforest Way Part 3: Destinations 13. Golden Week: Driving for Pleasure in Japan 14. Local Drive Tourism 15. Drive Tourism in South Africa 16. Realising the Value of Self-Drive Day Trips to Lower Austria 17. 4-Wheel Drive Tourism in the Peoples republic of China Part 4: Product 18. The Influence of International Tourists Travel Patterns on Rental Car Fleet Management in New Zealand 19. Marketing: Capturing the Drive Tourism Market 20. Motorcycle Touring 21. Technologies for Self-Drive Tourism Part 5: Management 22. Developing Maps for the Drive Tourism Sector 23. Planning, Building and Maintaining the Infrastructure of Drive Tourism 24. Product and Marketing Innovation in Australias Flinders Range 25. Exploring the Spatial Patterns of Car Based Tourism Travel in Loch Lomand and Trossachs National Park 26. Managing the Environmental Implications of Drive Tourism 27. Conclusion

Cruise infrastructure development in Auckland, New Zealand: a media discourse analysis (2008–2016)

ABSTRACT The deployment of mega cruise ships is putting pressure on ports to redesign or construct new infrastructure. However, there is limited research which considers the media discourse surrounding this development over a longitudinal period. The aim of this paper is to explore how the media portrays the cruise infrastructure debate in the complex and highly contested political environment of Auckland, New Zealand. Thematic analysis was used to determine the most salient themes found in 103 published articles. Results revealed the media shaped the debate, focusing on a volatile political environment characterised by distrust, a lack of transparency and differing objectives among key stakeholders. An outcome of this research is a rich, in-depth case study of cruise infrastructure development presented through the lens of media discourse. Future research should focus on the perceptions of decision-makers, stakeholders and the community using hedging and framing to probe the media discourse surrounding cruise infrastructure development.

The Amazon: a river tourism frontier.

The statistics of the Amazon region are impressive. The volume of water carried by the river is more than that of the next eight largest rivers combined while the Amazonian rainforest is the largest in area in the world and contains an extraordinary diversity of flora and fauna. The Amazon basin, which is approximately 6.9 million square kilometres in size, contains approximately 13% of the worlds biota and sustains about 40% of the earths remaining tropical rainforest (Brandon et al., 2005). Although Scientific interest in Amazonia started soon after it was explored by Francisco de Orellana, who travelled along the river from the Andes to the mouth of the river between 1541 and 1542, the region receives relatively few tourists even from Brazil or other Latin American countries.

Collaborative marketing for the sustainable development of community-based tourism enterprises: voices from the field

ABSTRACT This paper examines stakeholder engagement in the collaborative marketing of community-based tourism enterprises (CBTEs). The study explored the various collaborative marketing approaches shaped by diverse stakeholders’ perspectives on ways to achieve the sustainable development of CBTEs in Vietnam. The results of 30 in-depth, semi-structured interviews from three CBTEs in Vietnam showed that three collaborative marketing approaches were prevailed among CBTE stakeholders and were categorised as commercial viability-driven, community development-driven and balanced approaches. The approaches’ differences were reflected in the marketing objectives to achieve CBTE sustainability, the central linkages of CBTE collaborative marketing, and the facilitators of stakeholder collaboration. The research found a knowledge gap between researchers and research participants and divergent perspectives among different categories of research participants regarding marketing and CBTE sustainability. This paper implies the role of a knowledge co-production approach to drive the stakeholder engagement in CBTE collaborative marketing for CBTEs’ long-term success. Additionally, this study provides insights into the discussion of marketing for sustainable tourism. Furthermore, the findings contribute to a better understanding of the collaborative approach at the organisational level.

Collaborative marketing for the sustainable development of community-based tourism enterprises: a reconciliation of diverse perspectives

ABSTRACT Collaborative marketing for the sustainable development of community-based tourism enterprises (CBTEs) is subject to diverse stakeholder perspectives and a complex mix of factors determining collaboration success. This research investigates a framework supporting stakeholder collaborations in marketing CBTEs for sustainable development. The proposed framework is an outcome of the process of reconciling divergent perspectives in CBTE collaborative marketing using a knowledge co-production approach. Particularly, knowledge interactions between researchers and research participants to achieve a synthesis of perspectives in developing a collaborative marketing approach for the sustainable development of CBTEs in Vietnam were investigated. The knowledge interaction occurred in the form of a workshop that included 15 CBTE stakeholders and the first author and was undertaken in the village of Triem Tay (Vietnam). Through the workshop, a collaborative marketing framework for CBTE sustainability was identified. The framework stated the reasons for the divergence of perspectives on CBTE collaborative marketing for sustainable development: limited understanding of involved stakeholders; individuality in collective efforts; stakeholder self-righteousness; and contextual factors. Accordingly, the framework identified four attributes supporting stakeholders collaborations in marketing CBTEs for sustainable development: improved and right-directed perspectives of CBTE stakeholders; a set of rules governing stakeholder interventions; government involvement in CBTE collaborative marketing in the roles of an inspirer and an arbitrator; and the transformation from successful tour operators to social entrepreneurship to facilitate CBTE collaborative marketing. The contribution of this study lies in the potential of a knowledge co-production approach to be utilised in collaborative works involving multiple perspectives. Additionally, the study provides insights into the discussion of community-based tourism collaboration.

Rethinking competitiveness: important attributes for a successful scuba diving destination

ABSTRACT Competitive advantage arises from a superior value that, rather than delivered by suppliers, is co-created by tourists. Using a set of destination competitiveness attributes, this study investigates the importance of destination competitiveness attributes in a ‘hypothetical successful scuba diving destination’ from the perspective of scuba diving tourists. Further, this study also investigates to what extent level of experience as a scuba diver influences the importance given to destination competitiveness attributes. An online survey (n = 712) identified 10 underlying factors (groups of attributes): diving operations, risk perception, diving conditions, price, destination management, big wildlife encounters, diving training, tech diving, general tourist attraction and visa policy. Furthermore, this research established that the attributes related to diving operations are the most important and that divers with different levels of experience value differently 6 of the 10 destination competitiveness factors. This research presents evidence that destination competitiveness may be explored through unique demands in tourism niches (and within niches) rather than generally for a destination.

Why passengers’ geo-demographic characteristics matter to airport marketing

ABSTRACT Passengers’ preference and origin location data (home postcodes) can be extremely useful for marketing purposes, with the potential for more effective customer segmentation and targeting, yet traditional airport market research has often neglected these aspects. This paper utilises passenger survey data from the Gold Coast Airport in the state of Queensland, Australia, to perform a geo-demographic classification analysis in conjunction with census data. With geo-coded passenger preference data, the trip characteristics and airport decision preferences were cross-compared with demographic data with socio-economic variables. The results revealed distinctive contrasts in passenger origin location for short-haul domestic trips and long-haul international trips, in which passengers from afar are willing to travel longer distances to reach a second-tier airport to make use of cheaper airfares. One of the implications of this study is that low-cost carriers’ businesses (the airlines or the airports) should better target their customers by offering geographically targeted marketing.