Guillermo Ascencio Luciano

Huasteca 600, variedad de soya para el sur de Tamaulipas

The demand for soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Mexico requires the development of more productive varieties that contribute to decrease the imports of this oilseed, and the consequent leakage of foreign exchange. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to develop a soybean variety with a long period of pod formation and grain filling (R4-R7) and located near the month of September, in order to promote a yield superior to the control varieties. The Huasteca 600 soybean variety originated from the hybridization of H88-1880 x H88-3868, lines adapted to tropical environments (maturity group IX), which was carried out in 1994. It is temporary and is recommended for the south of Tamaulipas and warm humid and sub-humid regions of Mexico. It is medium to high, with good branching and determined growth habit; lea flets are medium ovoid and medium green, flowers are violet, seed is medium (100 seeds weigh 15.7 g), sub-spherical, yellow and brown hilum. Presents 48 days to R2, allowing him to develop the period from R4 to R7 in the time of greater probability of rains, an advantage that contributes to the achievement of greater yield. The oil and protein content is 20.6% and 36.9%, respectively. It has a good level of resistance to mowing and weeding, to defoliation pests and to the disease “frog eye”, it also tolerates “downy mildew”, “ammunition shot” and “anthracnose”. It has a yield potential of 2 988 kg ha-1 , 25% more than the Huasteca 200 control variety.

Resistencia a sequía en genotipos de soya considerando caracteres morfológicos, fisiológicos y agronómicos

Para caracterizar la resistencia a sequia en 25 genotipos de soya considerando el rendimiento, sus componentes y otras caracteristicas morfologicas y fisiologicas, se establecio un ensayo durante el ciclo otono-invierno 2012-2013 en Altamira, Tamaulipas. Se compararon dos niveles de sequia: con y sin sequia; las deficiencias de humedad se aplicaron durante la etapa reproductiva del cultivo. El diseno experimental fue parcelas divididas con dos repeticiones, las parcelas grandes para los niveles de sequia y las subparcelas para los genotipos. Se registraron 12 variables relacionadas con la humedad del suelo y el comportamiento fenologico, morfologico, fisiologico y agronomico de las plantas. La respuesta al estres se evaluo con el modelo 2 de resistencia a sequia, que separa los efectos clasificando grupos de precocidad. Los genotipos presentaron respuestas diferentes para la sequia. La sequia afecto significativamente el indice de clorofila, la conductancia estomatica, las vainas m-1 y el peso de 100 semillas, que en conjunto disminuyeron el rendimiento. El decremento del rendimiento fue mas intenso en genotipos tardios. Los genotipos mas resistentes a sequia fueron H02-2295, H98-1240 y H10-0556.