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Dive into the research topics where Guillermo Espinosa-Reyes is active.

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Featured researches published by Guillermo Espinosa-Reyes.


Ecotoxicology | 2010

Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and DNA damage as an indicator of environmental stress in fish of different feeding habits of Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, Mexico

Donaji J. González-Mille; César A. Ilizaliturri-Hernández; Guillermo Espinosa-Reyes; Rogelio Costilla-Salazar; Fernando Díaz-Barriga; Irina Ize-Lema; Jesús Mejía-Saavedra

The region of Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz hosts one of the largest and most important industrial areas of Mexico and Latin America. Industrial development and rapid population growth, have triggered a severe impact on aquatic ecosystems of the region. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of POPs in sediment and in muscle tissue of five fish species from different trophic levels in downstream residents of the Coatzacoalcos River, and their integration with DNA damage in the fish, evaluated with the comet assay in whole blood as a biological indicator of stress, in order to obtain a baseline of the ecological condition of the region. The compounds detected in sediment and in muscle tissue were hexachlorobenzene (HCB), α-, β-, γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), mirex and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Sediment concentrations of these pollutants (except for mirex) exceeded the values of protection provided by international guidelines, suggesting a potential risk to aquatic life in the region. DNA damage recorded in the fish species is evidence of exposure to a mix of genotoxic pollutants, which combined with exposure to POPs, reflects the degree of environmental stress of aquatic organisms in the region. The results of this study show the importance of determining the presence of contaminants in the environment, the bioaccumulation in tissues and their effects on exposed organisms, providing an integrated approach in assessing the health of aquatic ecosystems.


Journal of Ethnopharmacology | 2012

Antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of Justicia spicigera Schltdl (Acanthaceae).

Angel Josabad Alonso-Castro; Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez; Fabiola Domínguez; Víctor Arana-Argáez; María del Carmen Juárez-Vázquez; Marco Chávez; Candy Carranza-Álvarez; Octavio Gaspar-Ramírez; Guillermo Espinosa-Reyes; Gabriela López-Toledo; Rolffy Ortiz-Andrade; Alejandro García-Carrancá

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants are an important source of antitumor compounds. This study evaluated the acute toxicity in vitro and in vivo, as well as the cytotoxic, antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of ethanolic extracts of Justicia spicigera leaves (JSE). MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vitro and in vivo toxicity of JSE was evaluated with comet assay in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and acute toxicity in mice, according to the Lorke procedure, respectively. The apoptotic effect of JSE on human cancer cells and human noncancerous cells was evaluated using flow cytometry with annexin-Alexa 488/propidium iodide. Also, different doses of JSE were injected intraperitoneally daily into athymic mice bearing tumors of HeLa cells during 18 days. The growth and weight of tumors were measured. The in vitro immunomodulatory effects of JSE were evaluated estimating the effects of JSE on the phagocytosis of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, NO production and H(2)O(2) release in macrophages, as well as the proliferation of splenocytes and NK activity. RESULTS The comet assay showed that only JSE tested at 200 and 1000 μg/ml induced a significantly DNA damage in PBMC, compared to untreated cells, whereas the LD(50) was >5000 mg/kg by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) and by oral route. JSE showed pro-apoptotic (Annexin/PI) effects by 35% against HeLa cells, but lack toxic effects against human normal cells. JSE administrated at 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg i.p. inhibited the tumor growth by 28%, 41% and 53%, respectively, in mice bearing HeLa tumor. JSE stimulated, in a concentration dependent manner, the phagocytosis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts, the NO production and H(2)O(2) release by human differentiated macrophages. In addition, JSE stimulated the proliferation of murine splenocytes and induced the NK cell activity. CONCLUSION Justicia spicigera shows low toxic effects in vitro and in vivo, exerts apoptotic effects on HeLa cells, has antitumor effects in mice bearing HeLa tumor and induces immunomodulatory activities in vitro.


Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A-toxic\/hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering | 2010

DNA damage in earthworms (Eisenia spp.) as an indicator of environmental stress in the industrial zone of Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, Mexico.

Guillermo Espinosa-Reyes; César A Ilizaliturri; Donaji J. González-Mille; Rogelio Costilla; Fernando Díaz-Barriga; María Del Carmen Cuevas; Miguel Martínez; Jesús Mejía-Saavedra

Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz is one of the major industrial areas of Mexico. Presently, the Coatzacoalcos River and the areas surrounding the industrial complex are considered by various authors to be some of most polluted sites in Mexico. The objective of this study was to determine if earthworms could be used as indicators of environmental stress in the Coatzacoalcos industrial zone. Often, detritivores and decomposers such as earthworms are the first to be affected when the soil is contaminated. We collected soil samples to be used for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) quantification by gas chromatography. Concentrations of hexachlorobenzene, lindane and total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the soil were above the maximum permissible limits of the Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines (CEQG). Comet assay was conducted in coelomocytes of wild earthworms collected in Coatzacoalcos and compared with the control earthworms. We found DNA damage in earthworms from Coatzacoalcos that was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in comparison to laboratory earthworms. Earthworms are an appropriate organism to use as an indicator of environmental impact in contaminated sites. DNA damage recorded in the earthworms provides clear evidence of environmental impacts by the chemical industry on the wildlife of this region.


BioMed Research International | 2014

Effect of Mining Activities in Biotic Communities of Villa de la Paz, San Luis Potosi, Mexico

Guillermo Espinosa-Reyes; Donaji J. González-Mille; César A. Ilizaliturri-Hernández; Jesús Mejía-Saavedra; V. Gabriela Cilia-López; Rogelio Costilla-Salazar; Fernando Díaz-Barriga

Mining is one of the most important industrial activities worldwide. During its different stages numerous impacts are generated to the environment. The activities in the region have generated a great amount of mining residues, which have caused severe pollution and health effects in both human population and biotic components. The aim of this paper was to assess the impact of mining activities on biotic communities within the district of Villa de la Paz. The results showed that the concentrations of As and Pb in soil were higher than the national regulations for urban or agricultural areas. The bioavailability of these metals was certified by the presence of them in the roots of species of plants and in kidneys and livers of wild rodents. In regard to the community analysis, the sites that were located close to the mining district of Villa de la Paz registered a lower biological diversity, in both plants and wild rodents, aside from showing a change in the species composition of plant communities. The results of this study are evidence of the impact of mining on biotic communities, and the need to take into account the wildlife in the assessment of contaminated sites.


Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A-toxic\/hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering | 2014

Assessment of the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) levels in soil samples near an electric capacitor manufacturing industry in Morelos, Mexico

Iván N. Pérez-Maldonado; Rogelio Costilla Salazar; César A. Ilizaliturri-Hernández; Guillermo Espinosa-Reyes; Francisco J. Pérez-Vázquez; Juan C. Fernandez-Macias

In Mexico, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were principally used as heat transfer chemicals in electric transformers and capacitors as well as hydraulic fluids and lubricants in heavy electrical equipment since the early 1940s. However, although PCBs have been banned in Mexico, their past and present improper disposal has resulted in environmental contamination. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the PCBs levels in soil samples in the immediate area of an electric capacitor manufacturing industry, which was established several years ago in Alpuyeca, Morelos, Mexico. To confirm the presence of PCBs, surface soil samples (1–5 cm in depth) were collected from the vicinity of the industry. We determined the concentrations of 40 PCB congeners in soil samples using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The total PCBs levels in the soil samples ranged from 6.2 to 108460.6 μg kg−1. Moreover, when we analyzed the results of the congeners (non-dioxin-like PCBs and dioxin-like PCBs), the levels of non-dioxin-like PCB congeners ranged from 5.7 to 103469 μg kg−1 and the levels of dioxin-like PCB congeners ranged from 0.5 to 4992 μg kg−1. Considering that soil is an important pathway of exposure in humans, analysis of PCBs levels in blood (as a biomarker of exposure) is necessary in individuals living in Alpuyeca, Morelos.


Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A-toxic\/hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering | 2010

Wild rodents (Dipodomys merriami) used as biomonitors in contaminated mining sites.

Guillermo Espinosa-Reyes; Arturo Torres-Dosal; César A Ilizaliturri; Donaji J. González-Mille; Fernando Díaz-Barriga; Jesús Mejía-Saavedra

Mining is one of the most important industrial activities globally; however, mining processes have critical environmental impacts, as mining is a major source of metals and metalloids that contribute significantly to the pollution of soil, sediment, water and air. Heavy metals can impact the health of exposed human populations and nonhuman receptors. This study focused on arsenic because its genotoxicity is well-known. Previously, we proposed a methodology to evaluate and integrate risk from a single source affecting different biologic receptors. Here, we propose an alternative approach estimating arsenic exposure in children and kangaroo rats using probabilistic simulation with Monte Carlo modeling. The estimates are then associated to measured DNA damage and compared to both populations of children and rodents living in contaminated and in reference areas. Finally, based on the integrated analysis of the generated information, we evaluate the potential use of wild rodents (Dipodomys merriami) as a biomonitor at mining sites. Results indicate that the variation of genotoxicity in children of the reference site is ≈ 2 units when compared to the children of the contaminated site. In the rodents we observed a variation of ≈ 4 units between those of the reference site when compared to those living on the contaminated site. We propose that D. merriami can be used as a biomonitor organism in sites with mining activity, and that a non-lethal test can be used to evaluate risk from metal exposure.


Archive | 2012

Exposure Assessment to Persistent Organic Pollutants in Wildlife: The Case Study of Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, Mexico

Guillermo Espinosa-Reyes; Donaji J. González-Mille; César A. Ilizaliturri-Hernández; Fernando Díaz-Barriga Martínez; Jesús Mejía-Saavedra

Until the early 70s, it was thought that pollution was a phenomenon circumscribed to zones where pollutants were generated. Because of that, in each country concern was limited to regions where pollutant concentration was higher or its danger was greater. However, it has gradually become aware that pollution is a problem that affects everybody and, because of that, everybody is responsible to control it, regardless of the sites distance where pollutants are produced. Therefore, the problem of pollution has become a global phenomenon. Mankind has always depended on natural resources located in the region where they dwell. Nevertheless, the fast population growth coupled with a fast agricultural and industrial development as well as life style changes have increased emissions of pollutants in different ecosystems. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is a group of compounds chemically very stable, able to travel considerable distances and it is resistant to natural degradation processes, most of them were produced to be used as pesticides and certain chemicals to be used as industrial processes, and others are generated as by-products unintentionally from human activities, such as combustion processes or power generation (PNUMA, 2005). Most of these compounds are highly toxic; they bioaccumulate in human and animal tissue, mainly in the fatty tissues, and can damage different organs and systemic targets such as the liver, kidney, hormonal system, nervous system, etc., of both humans and wildlife. According to the Stockholm Convention held in 2001, there are twelve compounds known as POPs: pesticides (DDT, aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, endrin, mirex, toxaphene and heptachlor), industrial chemicals (hexachlorobenzene and polychlorinated biphenyls -PCB-) and unintentional compounds (dioxins, furans, PCDD-and PCDF-) [Albert, 2004]. In May of 2009 nine new Chemicals were added to the POPs list: alpha hexachlorocyclohexane, beta hexachlorocyclohexane; hexabromodiphenyl heptabromodiphenyl ether and ether tetrabromodiphenyl pentabromodiphenyl ether and ether chlordecone, hexabromobiphenyl, lindane, pentachlorobenzene, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, its salts and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride.


Science of The Total Environment | 2019

DNA damage in earthworms by exposure of Persistent Organic Pollutants in low basin of Coatzacoalcos River, Mexico

Guillermo Espinosa-Reyes; Rogelio Costilla-Salazar; Francisco J. Pérez-Vázquez; Donaji J. González-Mille; Rogelio Flores-Ramírez; María del Carmen Cuevas-Díaz; Susana E. Medellin-Garibay; César A. Ilizaliturri-Hernández

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are stable organic chemicals that represent a potential risk for ecosystems due to their high toxicity, persistence and biomagnification through food chains. Bioindicators in ecosystems have emerged to assess the effect of environmental pollutants. Earthworms are some of the most common bioindicator organisms in terrestrial ecosystems. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the geontoxicity of POP exposure in wild earthworms captured at different levels of urbanization throughout the lower basin of the Coatzacoalcos River (industrial, urban and rural areas). POP soil and earthworm tissue concentrations were measured via Gas-Mass Chromatography, and earthworm DNA damage was evaluated through the comet assay. The greatest concentrations of ΣPOPs, DDT and HCH were found in soil from industrial sites, followed by urban and rural areas (504.68, 383.10, 298.16; 22.6, 4.6, 2.6 and 433.7, 364, 255.6 mg/kg, respectively). Unlike other pollutants, mean ΣPCBs values were highest for industrial soil samples, followed by those from rural and urban areas (41.10, 33.97 and 12.44 mg/kg respectively). For all earthworm tissue POP analyses, the highest concentrations were found in individuals from industrial sites, followed by the urban and rural areas. Furthermore, the highest levels of DNA damage were registered in the industrial area, followed by the urban and rural areas. These assays suggest a strong links among regional soil contamination, POPs bioavailability and the potential risk of detrimental health effects for organisms that inhabit surface soil (soil life). Earthworms contribute vital ecosystem services that could be affected by these results. This work provides evidence of the potential ecological risk that exists in the Lower Basin of the Coatzacoalcos River.


Tropical Conservation Science | 2018

Chronic Disturbance Affects the Demography and Population Structure of Beaucarnea inermis, a Threatened Species Endemic to Mexico:

Gabriel Rubio-Méndez; Hugo Alberto Castillo-Gómez; Luis Hernández-Sandoval; Guillermo Espinosa-Reyes; J. Arturo De-Nova

Beaucarnea inermis is a threatened plant of the seasonally dry tropical forests of the northeastern Sierra Madre Oriental mountains. It has been affected by habitat loss and fragmentation, mainly from changes in land use and poaching. The number of B. inermis plants, sexual proportion, and structural parameters were recorded in natural populations inside the Sierra del Abra Tanchipa Biosphere Reserve and unprotected sites. Effects of chronic disturbance on demography parameters and asymmetry coefficient were estimated. Average population density is 280 ind*ha−1 inside the protected area and 186 ind*ha−1 in unprotected sites. Life tables indicate a high seedling to juvenile mortality rate, but life expectancy increases in juveniles, suggesting a survival type III curve. Population size distribution skewness indicates differences associated with disturbance. Sex ratio was 0.93:1 (m:f) inside the protected area and 0.76:1 (m:f) in unprotected sites. Anthropogenic disturbance affects life expectancy and the survival and mortality rates mainly in early life classes; however, once the adult stage is reached, mortality rate is reduced and survival rate increases. The natural protected area represents a refuge for the species from the effects of anthropogenic disturbance and illegal poaching. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the genetic diversity in B. inermis in protected and unprotected sites, and how it is affected by disturbance. Also, it is important to highlight other species inside the protected area such as Dioon edule, Zamia fischeri, and Stanhopea tigrina, which are considered as endangered or threatened.


Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente | 2018

Potentially toxic minerals in environmental liabilities in Noria de Ángeles, Zacatecas

Carolina Cerón-Rivera; Juan F. Martínez-Montoya; Genaro Olmos-Oropeza; Jorge Palacio-Núñez; Guillermo Espinosa-Reyes

Introduction: Sites polluted by mining activity represent a risk to human health. Objective: To determine the concentration of toxic minerals (Hg, Pb, Cd and As) in two environmental liabilities (ELs) in Noria de Ángeles, Zacatecas. Materials and methods: Soil samples from two ELs and a reference site were taken based on NMX-AA-132-SCFI-2006; in addition, a spring and waterbodies adjacent to or on the ELs were sampled, in accordance with NOM-230-SSA1-2002. Toxic elements in soil and water were analyzed in accordance with NOM-147-SEMARNAT/SSA1-2004 and NOM-127-SSA1-1994, respectively. The concentrations of elements in the soil were subjected to an analysis of variance and Tukey’s range test (P < 0.05). Results and discussion: The Hg concentration was higher (P < 0.05) in the ELs than in the reference site, but it did not exceed the maximum permissible limits (MPL) established by the standards. The Cd and As in the soil of the ELs and reference site exceeded the MPL, and the Pb only in the ELs. It is deduced that the As has a mainly geological origin, since its content in the reference site was higher than the recent EL. In the waterbodies, the Pb, Hg, Cd and As concentrations were much higher than the MPL. Conclusion: The Pb, Cd and As in the ELs, and the Pb, Cd, Hg and As in the waterbodies pose a risk to the health of the residents of Noria de Ángeles, Zacatecas.

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Dive into the Guillermo Espinosa-Reyes's collaboration.

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Donaji J. González-Mille

Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí

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César A. Ilizaliturri-Hernández

Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí

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Jesús Mejía-Saavedra

Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí

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Fernando Díaz-Barriga

Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí

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Arturo Torres-Dosal

Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí

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Iván N. Pérez-Maldonado

Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí

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César A Ilizaliturri

Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí

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Rogelio Costilla-Salazar

Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí

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V. Gabriela Cilia-López

Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí

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Antonio Trejo-Acevedo

Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí

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