Gulden Dogan

Karyotype Analysis of Tulipa pulchella L. (Liliaceae) (Fenzl ex Regel) Baker

Tulipa L. is a member of Liliaceae, which was formerly treated as a large family, Liliaceae sensu lato. According to the recent phylogenetic studies, Liliaceae includes 15 genera (1-4). The highest diversity of the genus Tulipa is found in the Tien Shan and Pamir Alai mountain ranges in Central Asia. The genus extends from western China, Inner Mongolia and the western Himalaya throughout Central Asia and Iran to the Caucasus, the Balkans, Greece, Cyprus and Turkey, south to the Arabian Peninsula and southeastern Pakistan, and north to the Ukraine and southern Siberia. It extends westwards throughout North Africa to Morocco and the Iberian Peninsula (5). Although the genus is also found throughout the Mediterranean and most other parts of Europe, these regions are not part of the natural distribution of the genus. These tulip species were brought by merchants and travelers from Anatolia and Central Asia to Europe and escaped from cultivation into the wild where they naturalized (5-11). Tulipa comprises about 40 or more than 100 species throughout the world, and is widely used as an ornamental plant because of its very attractive flowers. Although European people first introduced Tulipa species with the gift from Kanuni Sultan Süleyman, a sultan of Ottoman Empire, to Emperor Ferdinand I in 1554–1562 today about 65% of the world’s cultivated tulips are produced in the Netherlands and the tulip has become a national symbol of this country (12-14). The genus has historically been subdivided into two subgenera, Tulipa (Leiostemones Boiss.) and Eriostemones Boiss., which are clearly distinguished by morphological characteristics (15). Tulipa is represented by 18 taxa in Anatolia and these occur mostly in the Irano-Turanian floristic region of Turkey (16-18). Abstract

Composition of the Essential Oils of Two Umbelliferae Herbs (Artedia squamata and Malabaila secacul) Growing Wild in Turkey

Abstract Apiaceae are a family of medicinal plants widely used in traditional medicine and they are employed commercially as species or drugs because of their richness on useful secondary metabolites. The Artedia L. genus is a monotypic genus in Flora of Turkey and it is represented with a single species Artedia squamata L. Malabaila secacul Banks & Sol. is reported as very variable species in Flora of Turkey and it is represented as different groups taxonomically. In this study, water-distilled essential oils from the aerial parts of Artedia squamata and Malabaila secacul were analyzed by GC and GC-MS system. Fifty three components representing 99.7 % of the oil of A. squamata were identified of which α-pinene (57.8 %), camphene (9.0 %), β-myrcene (5.7 %), δ-3-carene (5.3 %) and limonene (5.3 %) were found to be the major constituents. Butanoic acid (37.1 %), caryophyllene oxide (13.4 %), germacrene D (10.0 %) and β-caryophyllene (5.4 %) were the main compounds identified in the oils of M. Secacul, representing 90.2 % total oil.

Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana (Pinaceae) Twigs, From Different Regions of Turkey

Abstract We used GC and GC-MS systems to analyze the chemical composition of essential oils extracted from twigs of Pinus nigra arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe (Black pine) naturally grown in Turkey. Twig samples were collected from four regions of Turkey (Adana, Adiyaman, Antalya and Elazig) and the twigs were hydrodistilled by clevenger apparatus. Forty three (Adana), 40 (Adiyaman), 29 (Antalya) and 44 (Elazig) components were identified representing 90.7%, 97.8%, 98.4% and 87.7%, respectively of all extracted oils. The main compounds of oil samples were germacrene D, α-pinene, δ-3-carene, β-pinene, limonene and β-caryophyllene. Here we discuss chemical differences with reference to forestry products and renewable resources, and we also assess intrapopulational means.

Chemical composition and biological activities of leaf and fruit essential oils from Eucalyptus camaldulensis

Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oils from the leaves and fruit of Eucalyptus camaldulensis grown in Mersin, Turkey was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. The biological activities (antibacterial and antifungal) were examined using the agar well diffusion method. The main leaf oil constituents were p-cymene (42.1%), eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) (14.1%), α-pinene (12.7%) and α-terpinol (10.7%). The main constituents of the fruit oil were eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) (34.5%), p-cymene (30.0%), α-terpinol (15.1%) and α-pinene (9.0%). Our results showed that both types of oils are rich in terms of monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes. The leaf and fruit essential oils of E. camaldulensis significantly inhibited the growth of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Streptococcus sp.) bacteria (p<0.05). The oils also showed fungicidal activity against Candida tropicalis and C. globrata. Leaf essential oils showed more activity than fruit essential oils, probably due to the higher p-cymene concentration in leaves.

Gilaburu (Viburnum opulus L.) fruit extract alleviates testis and sperm damages induced by taxane-based chemotherapeutics

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of gilaburu (Viburnum opulus L., Glb) fruit extract on testis and sperm damages induced by docetaxel (DTX) and paclitaxel (PTX) chemotherapeutics in rats. Sixty adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into 6 equal groups, 10 animals each. The groups were created as control (weekly i.p. saline injection), Glb (weekly i.p. saline injection and daily oral 100mg/kg Glb), DTX (weekly i.p. injection of 5mg/kg DTX), PTX (weekly i.p. injection of 4mg/kg PTX), DTX+Glb (weekly i.p. injection of 5mg/kg DTX and daily oral 100mg/kg Glb) and PTX+Glb (weekly i.p. injection of 4mg/kg PTX and daily oral 100mg/kg Glb). Following 10-week chronic application, spermatological, biochemical, histopathological, cytopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed. DTX and PTX caused significant decreases in absolute and relative weights of all reproductive organs, testosterone level, sperm motility, concentration, Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic immunopositive cell scores of testes and spermatozoa as well as catalase activity in epididymal tissue, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities of testicular and epididymal tissues when compared with the control group. Both drugs also significantly increased abnormal sperm rate, testicular and epididymal malondialdehyde level, Bax pro-apoptotic immunopositive cell scores of testes and spermatozoa, and caused remarkable testicular histological and cytological damages. However, Glb consumption mitigated the PTX-induced decreases in absolute weights of epididimis, seminal vesicles, ventral prostate and both taxanes-induced disturbances in sperm characteristics, imbalances in oxidant/antioxidant system, increments in germ cell apoptosis and testicular histo-and cyto-pathological damages. It was concluded that long-term Glb consumption alleviates the taxanes-induced damages in reproductive system of male rats.

Composition of the Volatile Oils of Anthemis coelopoda var. coelopoda from Turkey

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de yetişen Anthemis coelopoda var. coelopoda türünün su damıtma yöntemi ile toprak üstü kısımlarından elde edilen uçucu yağları GC ve GC-MS’de analiz edilmiştir. Toplam yağın %90.7’sinde 57 bileşen belirlenmiştir. Anthemis coelopoda var. coelopoda’nın uçucu yağının içerdiği bu bileşenlerden b-karyofillen (%21.8), nerolidol (10.8 %), azulen (%9.5), borneol (%5.5), linalool (%4.3) ve siklopentadekan (%4.2) büyük bileşenlerdir. Uçucu yağ çalışmaları Anthemis coelopoda var. coelopoda için b-karyofillen/ nerolidol ve azulen kemotip olduğunu göstermiştir.