Gülengül Köken

Obstructive sleep apnea in pregnancy and fetal outcome

To simultaneously investigate the polysomnography (PSG) and nonstress test (NST) records of pregnant women with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to observe NST changes during maternal desaturation and determine maternal and fetal outcomes.

Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: Relationship with anxiety and depression

Objective. To investigate the association between either depression or anxiety early in pregnancy, and nausea and vomiting, in a clinical sample. Methods. Anxiety and depression scores of 230 women were investigated by using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) were scored by using the Rhodes system. These scores and demographic data were compared and P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results. A significant correlation between Rhodes score and both anxiety (r = 0.388, P < 0.001) and depression score, (r = 0.351, P < 0.001) was found. Gestational age showed an inverse correlation with anxiety scores (P = 0.019). There was no significant correlation between demographic data and anxiety/depression scores, or Rhodes scores. Conclusion. There is an association between anxiety and depression early pregnancy and severity of NVP.

Body fat composition and distribution in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objectives. The aims of the present study were to compare the distribution and accumulation of body fat in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy controls matched for age and body mass index (BMI), and to investigate the association between androgen levels, insulin resistance and fat distribution. Materials and methods. Thirty-one PCOS women and 29 age- and BMI-matched healthy control women were evaluated in terms of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness determined with a skinfold caliper and body composition analyzed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Blood samples were obtained for determination of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, 17β-estradiol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, basal prolactin, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), androstenedione, insulin and glucose levels. Insulin sensitivity was estimated by fasting glucose/insulin ratio and free androgen index (FAI) was calculated as 100 × testosterone/SHBG. Differences between means were analyzed by Students t test or the Mann–Whitney U test according to distribution of the data. Correlation analysis was performed between the body fat distribution and parameters concerning insulin resistance and androgens. Results. FAI was significantly higher in patients with PCOS compared with the control group (p = 0.001). Fasting insulin was significantly higher and fasting glucose/insulin ratio was significantly lower in the PCOS group vs. controls (p = 0.03 and 0.001, respectively). There was significantly less subcutaneous adipose tissue in the controls than the PCOS women at the triceps (p = 0.04) and subscapular region (p = 0.04). Waist-to-hip ratio of PCOS women was significantly higher than that of control subjects (p = 0.04). Conclusion. Upper-half type body fat distribution is linked with PCOS, high free testosterone levels and insulin resistance.

Resting metabolic rate and exercise capacity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

To assess the resting metabolic rate (RMR) and exercise capacity (or maximal oxygen consumption [VO2 max]) of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and central adiposity.

Protective effect of aprotinin on ischemia–reperfusion injury in rat ovary

Aim:  We investigated the effects of aprotinin on reperfusion injury in a controlled experimental rat torsion–detorsion model.

The protective effect of α‐lipoic acid in experimental ovarian ischaemia‐reperfusion injury

Background:  We investigated the effect of α‐lipoic acid (LA) on reperfusion injury in a rat ovarian torsion–detorsion model. The changes in tissue and plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), end‐product of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), xanthine oxidase (XO) and nitric oxide (NO), were determined. Ovarian histopathological findings were scored and compared among groups.

Attitudes towards mode of delivery and cesarean on demand in Turkey

To assess the attitudes of healthcare providers and the public in Turkey towards mode of delivery and cesarean delivery on demand.

Oxidative stress markers in pregnant women who snore and fetal outcome: a case control study

Background. To determine the levels of oxidative stress markers in pregnant women who snore and compare with non‐snoring pregnant women. Fetal outcome of these 2 groups was also evaluated. Materials and methods. Prospective, case control study. Some 40 pregnant women who snored and 43 non‐snoring pregnant women were evaluated. The glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels of the 2 groups were studied. Infant birthweight, Apgar scores, and other indicators of fetal outcome were obtained. Results. The mean level of GSH‐Px was significantly lower in the pregnant women who snored (p = 0.005), while the mean level of MDA was significantly higher in this group (p = 0.005). Levels of MPO were comparable between the groups (p > 0.05). The pregnant women who snored did not have infants with evidence of an increase in compromised outcome. Conclusion. Although the pregnant women who snored had high levels of MDA, they did not appear to be at increased risk for delivering infants with fetal compromise.

Prenatal Diagnosis of a Fetal Intracranial Immature Teratoma

Congenital intracranial teratoma is a rare disease. A fetus with a congenital intracranial teratoma presenting with a hydrocephalus at 27 weeks’ gestation is presented. Prenatal ultrasonography and fetal magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a huge, heterogenous intracranial mass including the infra- and supratentorial region and polyhydramnios. At 28 weeks’ gestation, a cesarean section was performed to avoid divisive operation during delivery. The infant died after 10 min from respiratory failure. Histological examination revealed the diagnosis of immature teratoma. Early detection of congenital intracranial tumors is crucial. The prognosis is poor with death usually occurring shortly after birth.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for pain control after vaginal delivery and cesarean section

Abstract Objective: The present study aims to determine the efficiency and reliability of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the management of pain related with uterine contractions after vaginal delivery and the pain related with both abdominal incision uterine contractions after cesarean section. Methods: A hundred healthy women who underwent cesarean section under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to the placebo group (Group 1) or the TENS group (Group 2), while 100 women who delivered by vaginal route without episiotomy were randomized into the placebo group (Group 3) or the TENS group (Group 4). Results: The patients in Group 2 had statistically lower visual analog scale (VAS) and verbal numerical scale (VNS) scores than the patients in Group 1 (p < 0.001 for both). The patients in Group 4 had statistically lower VAS and VNS scores than the patients in Group 3 (p = 0.022 and p = 0.005, respectively). The analgesic requirement at the eighth hour of cesarean section was significantly lower in the patients who were treated with TENS (p = 0.006). The need for analgesics at the eighth hour of vaginal delivery was statistically similar in the patients who were treated with TENS and the patients who received placebo (p = 0.830). Conclusion: TENS is an effective, reliable, practical and easily available modality of treatment for postpartum pain.