Gülgün Yenişehirli

Synthesis, characterization, biological activities of dimethyltin(IV) complexes of Schiff bases with ONO-type donors

Four different dimethyltin(IV) complexes of Schiff bases derived from 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine and different substituted salicylaldehydes have been synthesized. The compounds, with the general formula [Me(2)Sn(2-OArCH=NC(5)H(3)NO)], where Ar=-C(6)H(3)(5-CH(3)) [Me(2)SnL(1)], -C(6)H(3)(5-NO(2)) [Me(2)SnL(2)], -C(6)H(2)(3,5-Cl(2)) [Me(2)SnL(3)], and -C(6)H(2)(3,5-I(2)) [Me(2)SnL(4)], were characterized by IR, NMR ((1)H and (13)C), mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Me(2)SnL(3) was also characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and shows a fivefold C(2)NO(2) coordination with distorted square pyramidal geometry. H(3)C-Sn-CH(3) angles in the complexes were calculated using Lockharts equations with the (1)J((117/119)Sn-(13)C) and (2)J((117/119)Sn-(1)H) values (from the (1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR spectra). The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of dimethyltin(IV) complexes were also investigated.

Aqueous humor erythropoietin levels in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.

PurposeTo evaluate the levels of erythropoietin (EPO) in the aqueous humor in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and without glaucoma. MethodsLevels of EPO were measured using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit in aqueous humor aspirates taken during anterior segment surgery from 45 patients, of whom 20 had POAG and 25 had senile cataract only. ResultsThe mean aqueous humor EPO concentration in eyes with POAG (10.91±4.32 mU/mL) was significantly higher than that from eyes with cataract (8.24±1.77 mU/mL, P=0.008). There was no significant difference between the serum EPO concentrations of POAG (26.46±10.36 mU/mL) and the control group (24.50±7.59 mU/mL, P=0.468). There was no correlation (P=0.165) between the EPO aqueous humor concentration and the EPO serum concentration while there was no correlation between the EPO aqueous humor concentration and the EPO serum concentration in the control group (P=0.819). ConclusionsThe aqueous humor EPO level is increased in eyes with POAG.

Onychomycosis infections in the Middle Black Sea Region, Turkey.

Background  Onychomycosis, a fungal infection of the nail, is caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, and nondermatophyte molds. The causative pathogen and incidence of onychomycosis depend on age, gender, geographic and climatic conditions, living habits, and immune status of the host.

In vitro activities of antifungal drugs against dermatophytes isolated in Tokat, Turkey.

In this study, we aimed to establish the in vitro antifungal susceptibilities of terbinafine, miconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, griseofulvin, and amphotericin B against dermatophyte isolates.

In vitro activities of fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole against otomycotic fungal pathogens.

OBJECTIVE To determine the causative pathogens of otomycosis, and to evaluate the in vitro activity of antifungal agents against these pathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 96 fungal isolate were taken from 92 patients suspected of otomycosis. The in vitro activity of fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole against otomycotic pathogens was tested using the E-test method. RESULTS The most common pathogen was Aspergillus fumigatus (40.6 per cent), followed by A niger (35.4 per cent), A flavus (12.5 per cent) and Candida albicans (11.5 per cent). All Aspergillus species were found to be resistant to fluconazole (minimum inhibitory concentration > or =256 microg/ml). The mean minimum inhibitory concentrations of voriconazole for A fumigatus, A niger, A flavus and C albicans were significantly lower than those of itraconazole for the same pathogens. CONCLUSION This study found that the most common otomycotic fungal pathogen was A fumigatus, and that voriconazole had more potent in vitro activity than itraconazole against all Aspergillus species as well as against C albicans.

The comparison of bacteremia and amount of bleeding during adenotonsillectomy

OBJECTIVE Adenoidectomies and/or tonsillectomies are among the most frequently performed otolaryngological surgical procedures.The goals of this study were to investigate the relationship between the amount of bleeding and bacteremia during adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy procedures. METHODS Seventy-eight patients who underwent tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy and adenoidectomy with or without tube insertion were included in the study. Patients with severe chronic underlying diseases (including cardiovascular disorders, renal or hepatic disease, or immunodeficiency) were excluded from study, as were those who had suffered an acute episode of respiratory infection or had received antibiotics for any reason within three weeks prior to the operation. The amount of bleeding was measured and recorded for each patient during the surgery. Preoperative blood cultures immediately after the induction of anesthesia and postoperative blood cultures 20 min after the operation were collected. RESULTS While none of the blood cultures taken preoperatively was positive for any organisms, the cultures obtained postoperatively were positive in 16 (20.5%) of 78 patients who underwent tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy and adenoidectomy with or without tube insertion, and bacteremia was more frequent among those with greater amount of bleeding during the surgery. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that although bacteremia had no clinical consequences in patients, it should be kept in mind that patients with greater amount of bleeding are at higher risk for developing bacteremia and it may produce vital results in patients at risk.

In Vitro Susceptibilities of Candida albicans Isolates to Antifungal Agents in Tokat, Turkey

Background: Candida albicans is the pathogenic species most commonly isolated from fungal infections. Management of these infections depends on the immune status of the host, severity of disease, and the choice of antifungal drug. In spite of the development of new antifungal drugs, epidemiological studies have shown that resistance to antifungal drugs in C. albicans strains is becoming a serious problem. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of C. albicans isolates to ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, amphotericin B, caspofungin, and anidulafungin. Materials and Methods: A total of 201 C. albicans isolates were collected from clinical specimens. Antifungal susceptibility tests were performed using the Etest. Results: All the tested C. albicans isolates were found to be susceptible to amphotericin B and anidulafungin. Although none of the isolates showed resistance to caspofungin, 15% of the isolates were classified as showing intermediate resistance. The resistance rates of C. albicans isolates to ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole were 32%, 34%, 21%, 14% and 14%, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that resistance of C. albicans strains to azoles is more common in Tokat, Turkey. Therefore, a strategy to control the inappropriate and widespread use of antifungal drugs is urgently needed. Fungal culturing and antifungal susceptibility testing will be useful in patient management as well as resistance surveillance.